Concept explainers
Videos
(a)
Interpretation:
To whether the volume of container would increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products.
Concept Introduction:
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
Le Chatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
(b)
Interpretation:
To whether the volume of container would increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products.
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
Le Chatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
(c)
Interpretation:
To whether the volume of container would increase or decrease in order to increase the yield of products.
Concept Introduction:
According to Boyle’s law, pressure and volume are inversely proportional to each other at constant temperature. Mathematically,
Gaseous molecules exert pressure on the wall of container as they are free to move within a container.
More the gaseous moles of compounds, more will be the pressure on the walls of container.
Le Chatelier’s principle = According to this principle, when an equilibrium mixture is disturbed by changing volume, pressure, amount of substances then equilibrium will shift in that direction where it can counteract the change to establish new equilibrium.
Effects on equilibrium on increasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, increasing volume means decreasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by lowering the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will increase i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is increased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a greater number of gaseous moles.
Effects on equilibrium on decreasing volume:
Since volume is inversely proportional to pressure. Thus, decreasing volume means increasing the pressure. When an equilibrium system is disturbed by increasing the pressure, it will shift in that direction where the pressure will decrease i.e. reaction will shift in that direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Thus, when volume of container is decreased then a gas-phase equilibrium will shift in the direction which has a fewer number of gaseous moles.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 13 Solutions
EBK BASIC CHEMISTRY
- Under aqueous basic conditions, nitriles will react to form a neutral organic intermediate 1 that has an N atom in it first, and then they will continue to react to form the final product 2: NC H₂O он- H₂O 1 2 OH Draw the missing intermediate 1 and the final product 2 in the box below. You can draw the two structures in any arrangement you like. Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardAssign these COSY Spectrumarrow_forwardAssign these C-NMR and H-NMR Spectrumarrow_forward
- Predict the product of this organic reaction: IZ + HO i P+H₂O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of P. If there is no reasonable possibility for P, check the No answer box under the drawing area. No Answer Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ☐ :arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: 0 O ----- A + KOH ? CH3-CH2-C-O-CH2-C-CH3 Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. X ⑤ èarrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: O CH3 + H2O + HCI A A? CH3-CH2-C-N-CH3 Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching. If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No Reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure.arrow_forward
- What is the missing reactant in this organic reaction? R+ HO-C-CH2-CH3 0= CH3 CH3 —CH, C−NH—CH CH3 + H₂O Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of R. If there is more than one reasonable answer, you can draw any one of them. If there is no reasonable answer, check the No answer box under the drawing area. Note for advanced students: you may assume no products other than those shown above are formed. No Answer Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. €arrow_forward个 CHEM&131 9267 - $25 - Intro to Mail - Hutchison, Allison (Student x Aktiv Learnin https://app.aktiv.com Draw the product of the reaction shown below. Ignore inorganic byproducts. + Na2Cr2O7 Acetone, H2SO4 Type here to search Dryng OH W Prarrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: OH + NaOH A? Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No reaction Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ✓ Sarrow_forward
- Predict the products of this organic reaction: CH3-C-O-CH2-CH2-C-CH3 + H₂O ? A Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the condensed structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No reaction Click anywhere to draw the first atom of your structure. :☐ darrow_forwardDE d. Draw an arrow pushing mechanism for the following IN O CI N fo 人 P Polle DELL prt sc home end ins F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12arrow_forwardPredict the products of this organic reaction: + H₂O H* ? A Specifically, in the drawing area below draw the skeletal ("line") structure of the product, or products, of this reaction. (If there's more than one product, draw them in any arrangement you like, so long as they aren't touching.) If there aren't any products because this reaction won't happen, check the No reaction box under the drawing area. No Reaction Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forward
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Principles of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill Education
Chemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage Learning
Elementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY