Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The volume percent of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
The volume percent is defined as the volume of the component divided by the volume of solution, multiplied by 100.
The formula to calculate the volume percent of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(a)

Answer to Problem 13.77P
The volume percent of ethylene glycol is
Explanation of Solution
Rearrange equation (2) to calculate the mass as follows:
Consider the volumes of ethylene glycol and water to be
Substitute
Substitute
The formula to calculate the moles of the compound is as follows:
Substitute
Substitute
Rearrange equation (2) to calculate the volume as follows:
The formula to calculate the mass of the solution is as follows:
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
The volume percent is a concentration term that changes with the change in temperature as it includes the volumes of component and volume of solution.
(b)
Interpretation:
The mass percent of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Mass percent is defined as the mass of a component divided by the total mass of the mixture, multiplied by 100.
The formula to calculate the mass percent is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(b)

Answer to Problem 13.77P
Explanation of Solution
Consider the volumes of ethylene glycol and water to be
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
The mass percent is a concentration term that does not depend on the temperature as it depends only on the masses of solute and solution.
(c)
Interpretation:
The molarity of the ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Molarity is defined as the number of moles of solute that are dissolved in one litre of solution. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the molarity of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(c)

Answer to Problem 13.77P
Explanation of Solution
Consider the volumes of ethylene glycol and water to be
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Molarity is a concentration term that changes with the change in temperature as it includes a volume term which is temperature dependent.
(d)
Interpretation:
The molality of ethylene glycol is to be calculated.
Concept introduction:
Molality is the measure of the concentration of solute in the solution. It is the amount of solute that is dissolved in one kilogram of the solvent. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the molality of the solution is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(d)

Answer to Problem 13.77P
Explanation of Solution
Consider the volumes of ethylene glycol and water to be
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Molality is a concentration term that does not change with the change in temperature as it depends on the amount of solute and mass of the solvent.
(e)
Interpretation:
The mole fraction of ethylene glycol is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
The mole fraction is defined as the ratio of the number of moles of solute to the total number of moles in the mixture. It is represented by
The formula to calculate the mole fraction is as follows:
The formula to calculate the density is as follows:
(e)

Answer to Problem 13.77P
Explanation of Solution
Consider the volumes of ethylene glycol and water to be
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Substitute
Mole fraction is a concentration term that does not depend on the temperature as it depends only on the amounts of solute and solvent.
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Chapter 13 Solutions
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