(a) Interpretation: The observation in the spectrum of 2 , 2 , 3 , 3 − tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 ° C to − 45 ° C is to be stated. Concept introduction: Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

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Answer 1

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Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

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There are 48 pairs of students in the following table. Each pair has quantitatively determined the mass of taurine in a 250 mL can of the popular energy drink marketed as “Munster” using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The class results are presented below: QUESTION: Summarise and report these results including an indication of measurement uncertainty. In both calculation samples calculate if an outlier is present, max value, number of samples, mean, standard deviation, g (suspect), g (critical) and t (critical). Mass of Taurine (mg) Mass of Taurine (mg) (Table continued) 152.01 152.23 151.87 151.45 154.11 152.64 152.98 153.24 152.88 151.45 153.49 152.48 150.68 152.33 151.52 153.63 152.48 151.68 153.17 153.40 153.77 153.67 152.34 153.16 152.57 153.02 152.86 151.50 151.23 152.57 152.72 151.54 146.47 152.38 152.44 152.54 152.53 152.54 151.32…

Indicate the rate expressions for reactions that have order 0, 1, and 2.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

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Answer 5

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Answer 6

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Answer 7

Chapter 13, Problem 13.65AP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The observation in the spectrum of 2,2,3,3− tetrachlorobutane on changing temperature from 25 °C to −45 °C is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The reason as to why the two lines which are observed at low temperature show different intensities is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

Many nuclei and electrons have spin, due to this spin magnetic moment arises. The energy of this magnetic moment depends on the orientation of the applied magnetic field. In NMR spectroscopy, every nucleus has a spin. There is an angular momentum related to the spin. The difference between its resonance frequency and that of the reference standard is known as the chemical shift of a nucleus. The chemical shift value depended upon its surrounded protons. Tetramethylsilane is taken as reference. Also, the spacing between split lines of NMR spectra is known as coupling constant. The angle between the two intersected planes is known as the dihedral angle.

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.1P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.2P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.3P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.4P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.5P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.6P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.7P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.8P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.9P Ch. 13 - Prob. 13.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that there are two different structures possible for 2,2,3,3-tetrachlorobutane.

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