Concept explainers
The names of the two new civilian codes added to the modernized satellites.

Answer to Problem 13.1P
The two new civilian codes added to modernized satellites are:
L2C codeandL5 code
Explanation of Solution
Given Information:
Earlier only C/A and P codes were used to modulate the GPS signals. L1 frequency was modulated with C/A and P codes while L2 frequency was modulated with only P codes.
Today in the modern satellites L2 frequency is modulated with a second code called the L2C code and its P-code is replaced with a new military code known as M-code.
Also in 1999, the Interagency GPS Executive Board (IGEB) added a third civilian signal known as the L5 which has both civilian code and a codeless component.
So today the two new civilian codes added to modernized satellites are:
- L2C code
- L5 code
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Chapter 13 Solutions
Elementary Surveying, Global Edition
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