Chapter 13, Problem 13.157P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The minimum pressure that is needed to maintain water as a liquid is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The Clausius Claypeyron equation gives the relationship between the pressure and temperature for the equilibrium conditions for two phases.

The formula for Clausius Claypeyron equation is as follows:

$\text{ln}\frac{P_2}{P_1}=-\frac{\Delta H_{\text{vap}}^{°}}{R}\left(\frac{1}{T_2}-\frac{1}{T_1}\right)$ (1)

Here, $P_1$ is the pressure at temperature $T_1$.

$P_2$ is the pressure at temperature $T_2$.

$R$ is the universal gas constant.

$\Delta H_{\text{vap}}^{°}$ is the enthalpy change of vaporization.

The conversion factor to convert $\text{kJ}$ to $\text{J}$ is as follows:

$1\text{kJ}=1000\text{J}$

The conversion factor to convert $°\text{C}$ to ${}^{°}\text{K}$ is as follows:

$T\left({}^{°}\text{K}\right)=T\left({}^{°}\text{C}\right)+273.15\text{K}$