Concept explainers
To determine:
The molecules that diffuse across the plasma membrane of cells lining capillaries.
Introduction:
Cells lining the capillaries are known as endothelial cells. Diffusion is the process of movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Explanation of Solution
• Oxygen and glucose concentration are higher in the blood, which must diffuse out of the cells leaving capillaries into the interstitial fluid.
• On the other hand, carbon dioxide levels are high in the interstitial fluid as the carbon dioxide diffuses out from the tissue cells.
• In the blood plasma, carbon dioxide concentration is lower; hence, carbon dioxide diffusion occurs across the capillary walls.
• In the blood plasma, small molecules that are water soluble like glucose amino acids, etc. diffuse into the intercellular clefts which are present between the endothelial cells in a continuous fashion in the capillaries.
• Oxygen and steroid hormones that are lipids soluble diffuse easily through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells.
Carbon dioxide, water-soluble substances like amino acids, glucose, etc. diffuse across the plasma membrane of endothelial cells.
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