Economics: Private and Public Choice
16th Edition
ISBN: 9781337642224
Author: James D. Gwartney; Richard L. Stroup; Russell S. Sobel
Publisher: Cengage Learning US
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Chapter 12, Problem 8CQ
To determine
The effectiveness of fiscal policy on aggregate
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For each of the following fiscal policy proposals, determine whether the primary focus is on aggregate demand or aggregate supply or both:
i. $1,000 per person tax reduction
ii. a 5% reduction in all tax rates
iii. Pell Grants, which are government subsidies for college education
iv. government-sponsored prizes for new scientific discoveries
v. an increase in unemployment compensation
(i) both; (ii) supply-side; (iii) supply-side; (iv) both; (v) demand-side
(i) demand-side; (ii) both; (iii) supply-side; (iv) supply-side; (v) both
(i) demand-side; (ii) both; (iii) both; (iv) supply-side; (v) demand-side
(i) supply-side; (ii) demand-side; (iii) demand-side; (iv) both; (v) both
(i) supply-side; (ii) supply-side; (iii) demand-side; (iv) both; (v) both
Use the Aggregate Demand – Aggregate Supply Model to demonstrate the effects of
expansionary fiscal policy. Assume that the GDP is below full-employment GDP. Show the
effects on both GDP and on prices. What are the results for GDP, prices, and unemployment?
Explain.
Right now many economies in the world are experiencing a downturn due to the Corona Virus.a) What kind of fiscal policy can governments use to address the decline? b) What actions will be taken by the government in implementing the fiscal policy that you described in part a? c) What will be the effect on Aggregate Demand (if any) as a result of the actions taken in part b?d) What will be the effect on Aggregate Supply (if any) as a result of the actions taken in part b?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Economics: Private and Public Choice
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- The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by increasing government purchases to reduce the burden of this recession. Price Level 160 140 120 100 80 60 $ 40 20 0 Fiscal Policy LRAS AD₁ Real GDP (billions of dollars) billion AS 80 160 240 320 400 480 560 640 720 800 AD Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. How much does aggregate demand need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ billion O b. If the MPC is 0.8, how much does government purchases need to change to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.9. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to change to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to change by $ billion and government purchases need to change by $ billion.arrow_forwardIdentify one fiscal policy action that could counter the increase in investments. Explain how this policy will affect each of the following.i. Output ii. The price level iii. Nominal interest ratesarrow_forwardWhy tax cuts can increase both aggregate demand and aggregate supply?arrow_forward
- The graph below depicts an economy where a decline in aggregate demand has caused a recession. Assume the government decides to conduct fiscal policy by increasing government purchases to reduce the burden of this recession. Fiscal Policy Price Level 180 LRAS AS 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 AD AD1 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 Real GDP (billions of dollars) (900, 120) Instructions: Enter your answers as a whole number. a. How much does aggregate demand need to increase to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? $ billion b. If the MPC is 0.75, how much does government purchases need to increase to shift aggregate demand by the amount you found in part a? $ billion Suppose instead that the MPC is 0.6. c. How much does aggregate demand and government purchases need to increase to restore the economy to its long-run equilibrium? Aggregate demand needs to increase by $ billion and government purchases need to increase by $ billion.arrow_forwardIf the government were to increase income taxes, how would that affect output (RGDP) and the price level in the short run? In the long run? Describe how the aggregate supply and aggregate demand curves would be affected? How should uncertainty about the size of fiscal multipliers affect the reliance on monetary and fiscal policy as tools for stabilizing the economy?arrow_forwardHow could fiscal policy alleviate the problem? What specific policy changes would be needed?arrow_forward
- Why do Republicans like tax cuts? Why are tax cuts a good thing? How does it affect the aggregate supply and demand graph?arrow_forwardFrom 2008, how might monetary policy (as reflected in the OCR) have affected the degree of crowding out resulting from fiscal policy (as reflected in government expenditure)?arrow_forwardIn 2006, the U.S. economy experienced an inflationary gap when the economy was booming and the unemployment rate was low. Would you consider a tax increase in that period to be demand-side focused, supply-side focused or both? What would be the impact of this policy on the price level and the real GDP? Explain.arrow_forward
- What is the Effects of Fiscal Policy on Real GDP and the Price Level?arrow_forwardUse the following graph to answer the next question. Price Level AS AD₂ AD₂ ADoi I Yo Y₁ Y₂ Y₂ Real GDP Suppose an economy's full employment output is at the level Y₁, and the economy's current aggregate demand is represented by AD2. If the government swiftly implements contractionary fiscal policy that immediately shifts the economy's aggregate demand to AD₁, the short to medium term aggregate demand would be most closely represented by AD₁arrow_forwardYou are advising the Bank of Canada and the Federal Government. The economy is in a state of contraction. a) Determine the monetary policy actions that you would recommend and explain how these actions will help to turn the economy around. b) Determine the fiscal policy measures that you would recommend and explain how these actions will help to turn the economy around.arrow_forward
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