Database System Concepts
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780078022159
Author: Abraham Silberschatz Professor, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 12, Problem 6PE
Explanation of Solution
a.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) level 1 scheme:
RAID’s are a number of hard disks which store exact same data. Different RAID levels are available from 1 to 10, each with different significance.
The scheme for getting the effect of atomic block writes with the RAID level 1 (mirroring) is shown below:
- A block write operation is performed as follows, to secure atomicity.
- Write the information onto the physical block which is located first.
- Write the similar information onto the physical block located at the second, when the first write accomplishes successfully.
- Only after the second write accomplishes successfully, the output is announced.
- Each set of “2” physical blocks is tested during recovery.
- Further process is not required if both are same and there is unnoticeable partial-write...
Explanation of Solution
b.
Redundant Array of Independent Disks (RAID) level 5 scheme:
RAID’s are a number of hard disks which store exact same data. Different RAID levels are available from 1 to 10, each with different significance.
The scheme for getting the effect of atomic block writes with the RAID level 5 (block interleaved, distributed parity) is shown below:
- Initially, the data is written in the information block.
- Once this write is successful, the same data is written into the related parity block.
- The write is considered successful only when both the writes are successfully completed...
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2. Signed Integers
Unsigned binary numbers work for natural numbers, but many calculations use negative
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