Concept explainers
a. Estimate the yearly increase in the average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide. Express the answer in parts per million, rounded to the nearest hundredth.
b. Write a mathematical model that estimates the average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide, C, in parts per million, x years after 1950.
c. If the trend shown by the data continues, use your mathematical model from part (b) to project the average atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide on 2050.
There is a strong scientific consensus that human activities are changing the Earth's climate. Scientists now believe that there is a striking
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EBK THINKING MATHEMATICALLY
- ints) A common representation of data uses matrices and vectors, so it is helpful to familiarize ourselves with linear algebra notation, as well as some simple operations. Define a vector ♬ to be a column vector. Then, the following properties hold: • cu with c some constant, is equal to a new vector where every element in cv is equal to the corresponding element in & multiplied by c. For example, 2 2 = ● √₁ + √2 is equal to a new vector with elements equal to the elementwise addition of ₁ and 2. For example, 問 2+4-6 = The above properties form our definition for a linear combination of vectors. √3 is a linear combination of √₁ and √2 if √3 = a√₁ + b√2, where a and b are some constants. Oftentimes, we stack column vectors to form a matrix. Define the column rank of a matrix A to be equal to the maximal number of linearly independent columns in A. A set of columns is linearly independent if no column can be written as a linear combination of any other column(s) within the set. If all…arrow_forwardSCAN GRAPHICS SECTION 9.3 | Percent 535 3. Dee Pinckney is married and filing jointly. She has an adjusted gross income of $58,120. The W-2 form shows the amount withheld as $7124. Find Dee's tax liability and determine her tax refund or balance due. 4. Jeremy Littlefield is single and has an adjusted gross income of $152,600. His W-2 form lists the amount withheld as $36,500. Find Jeremy's tax liability and determine his tax refund or balance due. 5. 6. Does a taxpayer in the 33% tax bracket pay 33% of his or her earnings in income tax? Explain your answer. In the table for single taxpayers, how were the figures $922.50 and $5156.25 arrived at? .3 hich percent is used. 00% is the same as multi- mber? 14. Credit Cards A credit card company offers an annual 2% cash-back rebate on all gasoline purchases. If a family spent $6200 on gasoline purchases over the course of a year, what was the family's rebate at the end of the year? Charitable t fractions, decimals, and 15. al Percent…arrow_forwardThe graph of f(x) is given below. Select each true statement about the continuity of f(x) at x = 3. Select all that apply: 7 -6- 5 4 3 2 1- -7-6-5-4-3-2-1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 +1 -2· 3. -4 -6- f(x) is not continuous at a = 3 because it is not defined at x = 3. ☐ f(x) is not continuous at a = - 3 because lim f(x) does not exist. 2-3 f(x) is not continuous at x = 3 because lim f(x) ‡ ƒ(3). →3 O f(x) is continuous at a = 3.arrow_forward
- 1.5. Run Programs 1 and 2 with esin(x) replaced by (a) esin² (x) and (b) esin(x)| sin(x)|| and with uprime adjusted appropriately. What rates of convergence do you observe? Comment.arrow_forwardIs the function f(x) continuous at x = 1? (z) 6 5 4 3. 2 1 0 -10 -9 -7 -5 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 Select the correct answer below: ○ The function f(x) is continuous at x = 1. ○ The right limit does not equal the left limit. Therefore, the function is not continuous. ○ The function f(x) is discontinuous at x = 1. ○ We cannot tell if the function is continuous or discontinuous.arrow_forwardUse Taylor Series to derive the entries to the pentadiagonal and heptadiagonal (septadiagonal?) circulant matricesarrow_forward
- Is the function f(x) shown in the graph below continuous at x = −5? f(x) 7 6 5 4 2 1 0 -10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7 Select the correct answer below: The function f(x) is continuous. ○ The right limit exists. Therefore, the function is continuous. The left limit exists. Therefore, the function is continuous. The function f(x) is discontinuous. ○ We cannot tell if the function is continuous or discontinuous.arrow_forward1.3. The dots of Output 2 lie in pairs. Why? What property of esin(x) gives rise to this behavior?arrow_forward1.6. By manipulating Taylor series, determine the constant C for an error expansion of (1.3) of the form wj−u' (xj) ~ Ch¼u (5) (x;), where u (5) denotes the fifth derivative. Based on this value of C and on the formula for u(5) (x) with u(x) = esin(x), determine the leading term in the expansion for w; - u'(x;) for u(x) = esin(x). (You will have to find maxε[-T,T] |u(5) (x)| numerically.) Modify Program 1 so that it plots the dashed line corresponding to this leading term rather than just N-4. This adjusted dashed line should fit the data almost perfectly. Plot the difference between the two on a log-log scale and verify that it shrinks at the rate O(h6).arrow_forward
- 4. Evaluate the following integrals. Show your work. a) -x b) f₁²x²/2 + x² dx c) fe³xdx d) [2 cos(5x) dx e) √ 35x6 3+5x7 dx 3 g) reve √ dt h) fx (x-5) 10 dx dt 1+12arrow_forwardDefine sinc(x) = sin(x)/x, except with the singularity removed. Differentiate sinc(x) once and twice.arrow_forward1.4. Run Program 1 to N = 216 instead of 212. What happens to the plot of error vs. N? Why? Use the MATLAB commands tic and toc to generate a plot of approximately how the computation time depends on N. Is the dependence linear, quadratic, or cubic?arrow_forward
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