Character testing library functions: Library functions other than the string library functions are provided by programming language, which are intended to work with single characters. The support library functions are used for testing the value of the character. The function will return the Boolean result on testing; the result will be in “True” or “False” format. isUpper(character): This function is used to validate whether the character given is upper case letter. The function will return “True” if the character is in upper case. The function will return “False” if the character is in lower case. isLower(character): This function is used to validate whether the character given is lower case letter. The function will return “True” if the character is in lower case. The function will return “False” if the character is in upper case. Example: The below algorithm determines whether the first character in the string is in upper case and the present is in upper case, the character gets replaced by “0”. //determine if the first character is in upper case If isUpperCase (str[0]) Then //replace the values present at the first position Set str [0] = "0" //end if End If Explanation: If condition validates the first position of the “str” is in upper case or not. If the condition becomes true, the character at positon “0” gets replaced with the character “0”. Accessing string using subscript notation: The string that are accessed using the subscript notation uses subscript “0” to hold the first character and similarly till the last character. The first value the index value will be “0” and to find the last character use “length(variable)-1”. When a string is tried to access using an invalid subscript, it will throw an error. Analysis of the given statement: //declare and define a string Declare string str= “Might” //set the value located at the subscript 5 as defined Set str[5] = “y”

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Chapter 12, Problem 4SA

Program Plan Intro

Character testing library functions:

Library functions other than the string library functions are provided by programming language, which are intended to work with single characters.

The support library functions are used for testing the value of the character.

The function will return the Boolean result on testing; the result will be in “True” or “False” format.

isUpper(character):

This function is used to validate whether the character given is upper case letter.

The function will return “True” if the character is in upper case.

The function will return “False” if the character is in lower case.

isLower(character):

This function is used to validate whether the character given is lower case letter.

The function will return “True” if the character is in lower case.

The function will return “False” if the character is in upper case.

Example:

The below algorithm determines whether the first character in the string is in upper case and the present is in upper case, the character gets replaced by “0”.

//determine if the first character is in upper case

If isUpperCase (str[0]) Then

//replace the values present at the first position

Set str [0] = "0"

//end if

End If

Explanation:

If condition validates the first position of the “str” is in upper case or not.

If the condition becomes true, the character at positon “0” gets replaced with the character “0”.

Accessing string using subscript notation:

The string that are accessed using the subscript notation uses subscript “0” to hold the first character and similarly till the last character.

The first value the index value will be “0” and to find the last character use “length(variable)-1”.

When a string is tried to access using an invalid subscript, it will throw an error.

Analysis of the given statement:

//declare and define a string

Declare string str= “Might”

//set the value located at the subscript 5 as defined

Set str[5] = “y”

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