(a)
The semi-major axes of the orbits of the comets.
(a)
Answer to Problem 40QP
The semi-major axes of the comet Encke is
Explanation of Solution
The time period of the Earth around the sun is
The semi-major axis of a celestial body around the planet is almost equal to the average orbital distance of the body given by the Kepler’s law.
Write the expression for the Kepler’s third law for the comparison between the time period and orbital distance.
Here,
Conclusion:
For comet Encke:
Substitute
For comet Halley:
Substitute
For comet Hale-Bopp:
Substitute
Thus, the semi-major axes of the comet Encke is
(b)
The minimum and maximum distance of the comets Halley and Hale-Bopp from the sun.
(b)
Answer to Problem 40QP
The minimum and maximum distance of the comet Halley from the sun is
Explanation of Solution
The maximum and minimum distances reached by the comet from the sun in their orbits are termed as the Aphelion and Perihelion respectively.
Write the expression for the perihelion distance of the body in its orbit.
Here,
Write the expression for the aphelion distance of the body in its orbit.
Here,
Conclusion:
For Comet Halley:
Substitute
Substitute
For Comet Hale-Bopp:
Substitute
Substitute
Thus, the minimum and maximum distance of the comet Halley from the sun is
(c)
The region of origin of the comets Encke, Halley and Hale-Bopp in the solar system.
(c)
Answer to Problem 40QP
The Encke and Halley’s Comet are considered to be originated in the Kuiper belt whereas the Hale-Bopp comet is considered to be originated in Oort cloud region.
Explanation of Solution
The orbital time period of the comet suggests the region of origin of the Comet in the solar system. The comets that have a smaller time period are termed as the Short period comet and the one which have large time period are the long period comet.
The Encke comet has a very small time period of
The Halley comet is a short period comet with the time period of
Conclusion:
Thus, the Encke and Halley’s Comet are considered to be originated in the Kuiper belt whereas the Hale-Bopp comet is considered to be originated in Oort cloud region.
(d)
The comet which is the most and least pristine of the three.
(d)
Answer to Problem 40QP
The comet Encke is the least pristine and the comet Hale-Bopp is most pristine.
Explanation of Solution
As the comet comes close to the sun, the comet action takes place due to the sublimation of the ice and gases on the comet. This leads to the wear out of the material of the comet. The more the comet comes near the sun; more it loses its material.
The comet Encke is considered to be the least pristine as it has a very short time period and it encounters with the sun most frequently whereas the comet Hale-Bopp is considered to be the most pristine as it comes near the sun after a very long period.
Conclusion:
Thus, the comet Encke is the least pristine and the comet Hale-Bopp is most pristine.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 12 Solutions
21st Century Astronomy
- No chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forward13.87 ... Interplanetary Navigation. The most efficient way to send a spacecraft from the earth to another planet is by using a Hohmann transfer orbit (Fig. P13.87). If the orbits of the departure and destination planets are circular, the Hohmann transfer orbit is an elliptical orbit whose perihelion and aphelion are tangent to the orbits of the two planets. The rockets are fired briefly at the depar- ture planet to put the spacecraft into the transfer orbit; the spacecraft then coasts until it reaches the destination planet. The rockets are then fired again to put the spacecraft into the same orbit about the sun as the destination planet. (a) For a flight from earth to Mars, in what direction must the rockets be fired at the earth and at Mars: in the direction of motion, or opposite the direction of motion? What about for a flight from Mars to the earth? (b) How long does a one- way trip from the the earth to Mars take, between the firings of the rockets? (c) To reach Mars from the…arrow_forwardNo chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forward
- a cubic foot of argon at 20 degrees celsius is isentropically compressed from 1 atm to 425 KPa. What is the new temperature and density?arrow_forwardCalculate the variance of the calculated accelerations. The free fall height was 1753 mm. The measured release and catch times were: 222.22 800.00 61.11 641.67 0.00 588.89 11.11 588.89 8.33 588.89 11.11 588.89 5.56 586.11 2.78 583.33 Give in the answer window the calculated repeated experiment variance in m/s2.arrow_forwardNo chatgpt pls will upvotearrow_forward
- 2. Consider the situation described in problem 1 where light emerges horizontally from ground level. Take k = 0.0020 m' and no = 1.0001 and find at which horizontal distance, x, the ray reaches a height of y = 1.5 m.arrow_forward2-3. Consider the situation of the reflection of a pulse at the interface of two string described in the previous problem. In addition to the net disturbances being equal at the junction, the slope of the net disturbances must also be equal at the junction at all times. Given that p1 = 4.0 g/m, H2 = 9.0 g/m and Aj = 0.50 cm find 2. A, (Answer: -0.10 cm) and 3. Ay. (Answer: 0.40 cm)please I need to show all work step by step problems 2 and 3arrow_forwardFrom number 2 and 3 I just want to show all problems step by step please do not short cut look for formulaarrow_forward
- Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Foundations...PhysicsISBN:9781133939146Author:Katz, Debora M.Publisher:Cengage LearningAstronomyPhysicsISBN:9781938168284Author:Andrew Fraknoi; David Morrison; Sidney C. WolffPublisher:OpenStax