One experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of initial rates. What data are gathered in the method of initial rates, and how are these data manipulated to determine k and the orders of the species in the rate law? Are the units for k . the rate constant, the same for all rate laws? Explain. If a reaction is first order in A, what happens to the rate if [A] is tripled? If the initial rate for a reaction increases by a factor of 16 when [A] is quadrupled, what is the order of n? If a reaction is third order in A and [A] is doubled, what happens to the initial rate? If a reaction is zero order, what effect does [A] have on the initial rate of a reaction?
One experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of initial rates. What data are gathered in the method of initial rates, and how are these data manipulated to determine k and the orders of the species in the rate law? Are the units for k . the rate constant, the same for all rate laws? Explain. If a reaction is first order in A, what happens to the rate if [A] is tripled? If the initial rate for a reaction increases by a factor of 16 when [A] is quadrupled, what is the order of n? If a reaction is third order in A and [A] is doubled, what happens to the initial rate? If a reaction is zero order, what effect does [A] have on the initial rate of a reaction?
One experimental procedure that can be used to determine the rate law of a reaction is the method of initial rates. What data are gathered in the method of initial rates, and how are these data manipulated to determine k and the orders of the species in the rate law? Are the units for k. the rate constant, the same for all rate laws? Explain. If a reaction is first order in A, what happens to the rate if [A] is tripled? If the initial rate for a reaction increases by a factor of 16 when [A] is quadrupled, what is the order of n? If a reaction is third order in A and [A] is doubled, what happens to the initial rate? If a reaction is zero order, what effect does [A] have on the initial rate of a reaction?
Definition Definition Study of the speed of chemical reactions and other factors that affect the rate of reaction. It also extends toward the mechanism involved in the reaction.
Wintergreen from Aspirin:
1. In isolating the salicylic acid, why is it important to press out as much of the water as possible?
2. Write the mechanism of the esterification reaction you did.
3.
What characteristic absorption band changes would you expect in the IR spectrum on going from aspirin to salicyclic acid and
then to methyl salicylate as you did in the experiment today? Give approximate wavenumbers associated with each functional
group change.
What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What
other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?
Synthesis of ZybanⓇ:
1. Write a mechanism for the bromination of m-chloropropiophenone.
Br₂
CH2Cl2
Cl
Br
2. Give the expected m/z (to a round number) for the molecular ion from the product above (including isotopic peaks).
3. What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What
other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?
Synthesis of Ibuprofen-Part 2:
1. Some pain relievers including ibuprofen (MotrinⓇ) and naproxen (Aleve®) are "α-arylpropanoic acids." Look up the structure
of naproxen (AleveⓇ), another a-arylpropionic acid. Using the same reactions that we used for making ibuprofen, show how
to make naproxen from the compound below. Show all intermediates and reagents in your synthesis.
Show how you would prepare ibuprofen starting from p-isobutylbenzene rather than p-isobutylacetophenenone. What reaction
steps would need to change/add?
3. What signals appeared/disappeared/shifted that indicate that you have your intended product and not starting material? What
other impurities are present in your product and how do you know?
Chapter 12 Solutions
OWLv2 with MindTap Reader, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card for Zumdahl/Zumdahl's Chemistry, 9th
Physics for Scientists and Engineers: A Strategic Approach, Vol. 1 (Chs 1-21) (4th Edition)
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