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MICROECONOMICS IN MODULES
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781319245382
Author: KRUGMAN
Publisher: MAC HIGHER
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Chapter 12, Problem 3QFT
To determine
Incentive for adoption for new versions of product
Concept Introduction:
Product Differentiation in
Expert Solution & Answer
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4. Case 3) Electricity demand increases due to increased EV adoption
We will continue using the Case 2 supply curve (with the solar plant in operation) for this
analysis. Suppose that electricity consumption from electric vehicles (EV) increases
significantly. Consequently, electricity demand in the wholesale market increases at every hour.
The new demand levels are shown in Table 5 below.
The market operator has backup power plants (using natural gas) ready, with a total capacity of
300 MW and a MC of $100/MWh.
Table 5: Hourly Demand (selected hours)
Hour
Demand (MWh)
4 AM
800
10 AM
1000
...
2 PM
1100
...
6 PM
1300
(a) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM). Is there a specific hourly
market in which the market operator will need to dispatch backup generation?
(b) Compare the Case 2 scenario with the Case 3 scenario in terms of CO2 emissions and
average electricity price. Based on…
2. Case 1) NG price decreases
Now, suppose that the price of natural gas decreased substantially, causing the marginal cost of
the NG power plant to decrease to MC = $35/MWh. The demand is the same as in Case 0.
(a) Draw a new supply curve that reflects the MC change of the NG power plant.
(b) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM).
(c) What happened to the coal power plant?
(d) Do you think the market outcomes (like average price) and the total CO2 emissions have
improved under this Case 1 scenario (use the emissions data provided in the lecture
slides)?
1. Case 0) Baseline case
Table 1: Power Plant Capacity and Marginal Cost: Case 0
Plant #
Energy Source
Capacity (MW)
MC (S/MWh)
1
Coal
300
45
2
Oil
100
90
3
4
Natural Gas
Nuclear
500
50
600
0
(a) Calculate the capacity mix of this market by energy source.
(b) Draw a supply curve of this wholesale generation market.
Table 2 below shows the demand levels for selected hours of a representative day. We will
consider only these four hourly markets for our analysis. Note that the 6 PM demand is the
highest demand level of the day.
Table 2: Hourly Demand (selected hours)
Hour
Demand (MWh)
4 AM
500
10 AM
700
2 PM
800
6 PM
1000
(c) Find the market clearing prices and calculate how much electricity each power plant
generates in the hourly market (4AM, 10AM, 2PM, and 6PM).
(d) Find the average price of electricity (by taking a simple average of hourly prices; [P(4am)
+ P(10AM) + P(2PM) + P(6PM)]/4).
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