Mathematical Statistics with Applications
Mathematical Statistics with Applications
7th Edition
ISBN: 9780495110811
Author: Dennis Wackerly, William Mendenhall, Richard L. Scheaffer
Publisher: Cengage Learning
bartleby

Concept explainers

bartleby

Videos

Question
Book Icon
Chapter 12, Problem 37SE
To determine

Find the fractions that should be assigned to each value of x to minimize V(β^2).

Expert Solution & Answer
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 37SE

The fractions of total number of observations that can be assigned at x=1,0and 1 to minimize V(β^2) are 0.25, 0.50, and 0.25, respectively.

Explanation of Solution

Calculation:

Consider that k1,k2,k3 are the fractions of total number of observations that can be assigned at x=1,0and 1, respectively.

Thus, it can be aid that if total number of observation is n that is large enough, then there are nk1 points at x=1, there are nk2 points at x=0, and there are nk3 points at x=1.

Now, the Design matrix X can be written as,

X=[111111......111100100......100111111..1..1..1]n×n

Now,

XX=[nn(k3k1)n(k1+k3)n(k3k1)n(k1+k3)n(k3k1)n(k1+k3)n(k3k1)n(k1+k3)]=n[1babababa]=nA, where a=k1+k3,b=k3k1.

Now, it is needed to minimize V(β^2)=σ2c22, where c33 is the (3×3) element of (XX)1.

The determination of matrix A is obtained as,

A=[1babababa]|A|=1|abba|b|bbaa|+a|baab|=a2b2b(abba)+a(b2a2)=a2b20+ab2a3=(k1+k3)2(k3k1)2+(k1+k3)(k3+k1)2(k1+k3)3=k12+k32+2k1k3k32k12+2k1k3+k13+k1k32+2k12k3+k3k12+k33+2k1k32k133k12k33k1k32k33=4k1k2k3

Now, the inverse of A is obtained as,

A1=1n|A|[(1)1+1|abba|(1)1+2|bbaa|(1)1+3|baab|(1)2+1|baba|(1)2+2|bbaa|(1)2+3|1bab|(1)3+1|baab|(1)3+2|1bab|(1)3+3|1bba|]=14nk1k2k3[a2b20b2a20aa2abbb2a2abbab2]

Now, the c22 element of A1 matrix is ab24nk1k2k3.

Hence, the V(β^2) can be written as,

V(β^2)=σ2ab24nk1k2k3=σ2n[k1+k3(k3k1)24k1k2k3]=σ2n[k1+k3[(k3+k1)24k1k3]4k1k2k3]=σ2n[(k1+k3)[1k1k3]4k1k2k34k1k34k1k2k3]=σ2n[(k1+k3)4k1k31k2]=σ2n[(k1+k3)4k1k311k1k3][as k1+k2+k3=1]

Now, it is needed to partial differentiate V(β^2) with respect to k1and k3 and equate to .

That is,

(V(β^2))k1=0(σ2n[(k1+k3)4k1k311k1k3])k1=04k12=(1k1k3)2............(1),

And

(V(β^2))k3=0(σ2n[(k1+k3)4k1k311k1k3])k3=04k32=(1k1k3)2..........(2).

As k1,k2,k3 are positive constants and by symmetry of k1=k3, the equation (1) can be written as,

4k12=(12k1)2k1=0.25

Similarly, k3=0.25.

Thus,

1k1k3=10.250.25=0.50.

Thus, the fractions of total number of observations that can be assigned at x=1,0and 1 to minimize V(β^2) are 0.25, 0.50, and 0.25, respectively.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!
Students have asked these similar questions
You have been hired as an intern to run analyses on the data and report the results back to Sarah; the five questions that Sarah needs you to address are given below.   Does there appear to be a positive or negative relationship between price and screen size? Use a scatter plot to examine the relationship. Determine and interpret the correlation coefficient between the two variables. In your interpretation, discuss the direction of the relationship (positive, negative, or zero relationship). Also discuss the strength of the relationship. Estimate the relationship between screen size and price using a simple linear regression model and interpret the estimated coefficients. (In your interpretation, tell the dollar amount by which price will change for each unit of increase in screen size). Include the manufacturer dummy variable (Samsung=1, 0 otherwise) and estimate the relationship between screen size, price and manufacturer dummy as a multiple linear regression model. Interpret the…
Does there appear to be a positive or negative relationship between price and screen size? Use a scatter plot to examine the relationship. How to take snapshots: if you use a MacBook, press Command+ Shift+4 to take snapshots. If you are using Windows, use the Snipping Tool to take snapshots. Question 1: Determine and interpret the correlation coefficient between the two variables. In your interpretation, discuss the direction of the relationship (positive, negative, or zero relationship). Also discuss the strength of the relationship.  Value of correlation coefficient:   Direction of the relationship (positive, negative, or zero relationship):   Strength of the relationship (strong/moderate/weak): Question 2: Estimate the relationship between screen size and price using a simple linear regression model and interpret the estimated coefficients. In your interpretation, tell the dollar amount by which price will change for each unit of increase in screen size. (The answer for the…
In this problem, we consider a Brownian motion (W+) t≥0. We consider a stock model (St)t>0 given (under the measure P) by d.St 0.03 St dt + 0.2 St dwt, with So 2. We assume that the interest rate is r = 0.06. The purpose of this problem is to price an option on this stock (which we name cubic put). This option is European-type, with maturity 3 months (i.e. T = 0.25 years), and payoff given by F = (8-5)+ (a) Write the Stochastic Differential Equation satisfied by (St) under the risk-neutral measure Q. (You don't need to prove it, simply give the answer.) (b) Give the price of a regular European put on (St) with maturity 3 months and strike K = 2. (c) Let X = S. Find the Stochastic Differential Equation satisfied by the process (Xt) under the measure Q. (d) Find an explicit expression for X₁ = S3 under measure Q. (e) Using the results above, find the price of the cubic put option mentioned above. (f) Is the price in (e) the same as in question (b)? (Explain why.)
Knowledge Booster
Background pattern image
Statistics
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, statistics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.
Similar questions
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
Recommended textbooks for you
Text book image
Algebra & Trigonometry with Analytic Geometry
Algebra
ISBN:9781133382119
Author:Swokowski
Publisher:Cengage
Text book image
Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction
Algebra
ISBN:9781285463247
Author:David Poole
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Finding Local Maxima and Minima by Differentiation; Author: Professor Dave Explains;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pvLj1s7SOtk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY