EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
11th Edition
ISBN: 8220103613828
Author: Reece
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.2, Problem 2CC
Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible explanation for how, over a very long time, the green warbler finch came to have a slender beak.
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Ostrich wings are vestigial because they are too rudimentary to perform the function for which they evolved in the species’ flying ancestor. Nonetheless, the ostrich uses its wings for other purposes. For example, an ostrich may extend its wings to the side while running, to help maintain balance, and it may spread its wings as part of a threat display. These uses show that evolution by natural selection can sometimes repurpose vestigial structures that have lost the function for which they originally evolved. But whether a vestigial structure remains useless or acquires a new function, it is homologous to the version that retains its original function in other organisms and provides evidence of common ancestry. But are all similarities between different organisms the result of shared ancestry?
The phylogeny in this figure shows the evolution of visual opsins in tetrapods. Each colored triangle represents a different opsin. Which of the following accurately describes the opsins in these species?
Squamate reptiles Birds
Rodents
New World Baboons
primates
Click to view larger image.
- Opain loss
x Opain loss
▲▲▲▲
Tetrapod ancestor
▲▲▲
Humane
+A Opin gain
a. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in rodents and New World primates, and the light blue opsin is a symplesiomorphy in baboons and humans.
b. The light blue opsin is a synapomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds, and the green opsin is an ancestral trait.
OC. The purple opsin is an analogous trait, and the green opsin is a homologous trait.
Od. The green opsin is a synapomorphy in baboons and humans, and the light blue opsin is symplesiomorphy in squamate reptiles and birds.
The presence of tiny hairs, called setae, on the toe pads of some geckos is associated with the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces. This ability allows geckos to climb in areas where
many predators cannot. Scientists studying the evolution of setae have identified three closely related species of gecko, only one of which can adhere to smooth surfaces.. A model of the
evolutionary relatedness between these species is represented in the figure.
G. humeralis
1
Can adhere
OG. concinnatus
O Cannot adhere
O G. antillensis
Which of the following statements is an accurate description of the evolutionary relationships shown in the model?
G. concinnatus is more closely related to G. antillensis than to G. humeralis.
DNA nnd protein segienci
in common with G humeralis than with G concionatus
Chapter 1 Solutions
EBK CAMPBELL BIOLOGY
Ch. 1.1 - Starting with the molecular level in Figure 1.3,...Ch. 1.1 - Identify the theme or themes exemplified by (a)...Ch. 1.1 - WHAT IF? For each theme discussed in this...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why "editing" is a metaphor for how...Ch. 1.2 - Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible...Ch. 1.2 - DRAW IT The three domains you learned about in...Ch. 1.3 - What qualitative Observation led to the...Ch. 1.3 - Contrast inductive reasoning with deductive...Ch. 1.3 - Why is natural selection called a theory?Ch. 1.3 - WHAT IF? In the deserts of New Mexico, the soils...
Ch. 1.4 - How does science differ from technology?Ch. 1.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that causes sickle-cell...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1CRCh. 1 - How could natural selection have led to the...Ch. 1 - What are the roles of gathering and interpreting...Ch. 1 - Explain why different approaches and diverse...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following best demonstrates the unity...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following statements best...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 1 - Which sentence best describes the logic of...Ch. 1 - DRAW IT With rough sketches, draw a biological...Ch. 1 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION A typical prokaryotic cell...Ch. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Based an the results of the...Ch. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Scientists search the...Ch. 1 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a Short essay...Ch. 1 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Can you pick out the...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- These finches all evolved from a common ancestor. They adapted characteristics which made them each a different species. 1. What is the term for a new species evolving. 2. Analyze the different beak shapes and sizes in this image, then explain why you think the birds beaks are shaped the way that they are shaped. 1. Geospiza magnirostris. 3. Geuspiza parvula. 2. Geospiza fortis. 4. Certhiidea olivasea.arrow_forwardFlight in birds developed over time due to multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange was vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardWhat type of geographic barriers could have led to the speciation of finch in the Galápagos Islands?arrow_forward
- Flight in birds developed over time as a result of multiple evolutionary steps. The development of feathers, hollow bones, large flight muscles, and efficient gas exchange were all vital for flight. Describe the order in which these adaptations likely evolved and explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardDetermine if the following pairs are HOMOLOGOUS STRUCTURES or ANALOGOUS STRUCTURES 1.) Bat wing and bird wing 2.) Dragonfly wing and hummingbrind wing 3.) Dragonfly wing and bumbleebee wingarrow_forwardThe special adaptations of birds contribute to two essentials for flight: more power and less weight. Explain how each of the following contributes to one or both of these two essentials: feathers, skeleton, muscle distribution, digestive system, circulatory system, respiratory system, excretory system, reproductive system.arrow_forward
- Name the adaptation, that some chordates have, which allows them to reproduce without environmental water. Which chordate groups did we learn about that have this adaptation? In the chordate groups that don't have the adaptation, why do they need water to reproduce? Name the adaptation we learned about, that some land plants have, which allows them to reproduce without environmental water Which land plant groups did we learn about that have this adaptation? In the land plant groups that don't have the adaptation, why do they need water to reproduce?arrow_forwardThe presence of tiny hairs, called setae, on the toe pads of some geckos is associated with the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces. This ability allows geckos to climb in areas where many predators cannot. Scientists studying the evolution of setae have identified three closely related species of gecko, only one of which can adhere to smooth surfaces. A model of the evolutionary relatedness between these species is represented in the figure. G. humeralis Can adhere O Cannot adhere 2 O G. concinnatus O G. antillensis Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the labeled branch points on the model? Location 1 represents the common ancestor of only two of the three species.arrow_forwardThe presence of tiny hairs, called setae, on the toe pads of some geckos is associated with the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces. This ability allows geckos to climb in areas where many predators cannot. Scientists studying the evolution of setae have identified three closely related species of gecko, only one of which can adhere to smooth surfaces. A model of the evolutionary relatedness between these species is represented in the figure. G. humeralis Can adhere O G. concinnatus O Cannot adhere 3 O G. antillensis Which of the following best describes how the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces affects the fitness of G. humeralis? The ability to adhere to smooth surfaces is likely to decrease the fitness of G. humeralis because the ability decreases the likelihood of predation.arrow_forward
- Remote islands that are far from any mainland are home to many species that have evolved distinctive adaptations to live in the unique island conditions. (e) Some birds evolve adaptations that include losing the ability to fly. Explain how a species of bird on a remote island could lose the ability to fly over time.arrow_forwardThe presence of tiny hairs, called setae, on the toe pads of some geckos is associated with the ability to adhere to smooth surfaces. This ability allows geckos to climb in areas where many predators cannot. Scientists studying the evolution of setae have identified three closely related species of gecko, only one of which can adhere to smooth surfaces. A model of the evolutionary relatedness between these species is represented in the figure. Which of the following statements is an accurate interpretation of the labeled branch points on the model?arrow_forwardExplain why the tree swallow and the brown bat do not occupy exactly the same ecological niche. why? tell mearrow_forward
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