Chapter 12, Problem 2AW

Program Plan Intro

Character testing library functions:

• Library functions other than the string library functions are provided by programming language, which are intended to work with single characters.
• The support library functions are used for testing the value of the character.
• The function will return the Boolean result on testing; the result will be in “True” or “False” format.

isUpper(character):

• This function is used to validate whether the character given is upper case letter.
  • The function will return “True” if the character is in upper case.
  • The function will return “False” if the character is in lower case.

isLower(character):

• This function is used to validate whether the character given is lower case letter.
  • The function will return “True” if the character is in lower case.
  • The function will return “False” if the character is in upper case.

Example:

The below algorithm determines whether the first character in the string is in lower case and the present is in lower case, the character gets replaced by “0”.

//determine if the first character is in lower case

If isLower(str[0]) Then

//replace the values present at the first position

Set str [0] = "0"

//end if

End If

Explanation:

• If condition validates the first position of the “str” is in lower case or not.
• If the condition becomes true, the character at positon “0” gets replaced with the character “0”.

Algorithm:

• Declare and define a string variable “str”.
• Declare and define the required variables for storing index and count of lower case letters.
• Loop that iterates for the entire string.
• Condition to validate whether the given string contains lower case.
• On true add the lower case character count by 1.
• Display the count.