The band gaps among conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are to be explained. Concept introduction: Semiconductors are the solids that have a conductivity between those of conductors and insulators. In a semiconductor, the gap between the conduction band and the valence band is small, so the electrons may jump from valence band to conduction band. Conduction band: The conduction band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump up into from the valence band when excited. Valence band: The valence band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump out of, moving into the conduction band when excited. A Dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance (in very low concentrations) to alter the electrical or optical properties of the substance. Doping: Addition of dopant is doping. n-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron donor atoms is called an n-type semiconductor. p-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron acceptor atoms is called a p-type semiconductor.

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Chapter 12, Problem 28QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The band gaps among conductors, insulators, and semiconductors are to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Semiconductors are the solids that have a conductivity between those of conductors and insulators.

In a semiconductor, the gap between the conduction band and the valence band is small, so the electrons may jump from valence band to conduction band.

Conduction band: The conduction band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump up into from the valence band when excited.

Valence band: The valence band is the band of electron orbitals that electrons can jump out of, moving into the conduction band when excited.

A Dopant, also called a doping agent, is a trace impurity element that is inserted into a substance (in very low concentrations) to alter the electrical or optical properties of the substance.

Doping: Addition of dopant is doping.

n-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron donor atoms is called an n-type semiconductor.

p-Type semiconductor: A semiconductor that has been doped with electron acceptor atoms is called a p-type semiconductor.

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