Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781260091991
Author: NA
Publisher: Mc graw hill
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Chapter 12, Problem 24SE
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Chapter 12 Solutions
Discrete Mathematics And Its Applications
Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.1 - Find the values, if any, of the Boolean...Ch. 12.1 - a) Show that(1.1)+(0.1+0)=1 . b) Translate the...Ch. 12.1 - a) Show that(10)+(10)=1 . b) Translate the...Ch. 12.1 - Use a table to express the values of each of these...Ch. 12.1 - Use a table to express the values of each of these...Ch. 12.1 - Use a 3-cubeQ3to represent each of the Boolean...Ch. 12.1 - Use a 3-cubeQ3to represent each of the Boolean...Ch. 12.1 - What values of the Boolean...Ch. 12.1 - How many different Boolean functions are there of...
Ch. 12.1 - Prove the absorption lawx+xy=x using the other...Ch. 12.1 - Show thatF(x,y,z)=xy+xz+yz has the value 1 if and...Ch. 12.1 - Show thatxy+yz+xz=xy+yz+xz .Ch. 12.1 - 3Exercises 14-23 deal the Boolean algebra {0, 1}...Ch. 12.1 - Exercises 14-23 deal with the Boolean algebra {0,...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 16ECh. 12.1 - Exercises 14-23 deal with the Boolean algebra {0,...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 18ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 19ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 12.1 - Exercises 4-3 deal with the Boolean algebra {0, 1}...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 25ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.1 - Prove or disprove these equalities. a)x(yz)=(xy)z...Ch. 12.1 - Find the duals of these Boolean expressions. a)x+y...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.1 - Show that ifFandGare Boolean functions represented...Ch. 12.1 - How many different Boolean functionsF(x,y,z) are...Ch. 12.1 - How many different Boolean functionsF(x,y,z) are...Ch. 12.1 - Show that you obtain De Morgan’s laws for...Ch. 12.1 - Show that you obtain the ab,sorption laws for...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 35-42, use the laws in Definition 1...Ch. 12.1 - In Exercises 35-42, use the laws in Definition to...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 37ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 38ECh. 12.1 - In Exercises 35-42, use the laws in Definition 1...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 40ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 41ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 42ECh. 12.1 - Prob. 43ECh. 12.2 - Find a Boolean product of the Boolean...Ch. 12.2 - Find the sum of products expansions of these...Ch. 12.2 - Find the sum-of-products expansions of these...Ch. 12.2 - Find the sum-of-products expansions of the Boolean...Ch. 12.2 - Find the sum-of -products expansion of the Boolean...Ch. 12.2 - Find the sum-of-products expansion of the Boolean...Ch. 12.2 - Another way to find a Boolean expression that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 12.2 - Another way to find a Boolean expression that...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.2 - Express each of these Boolean functions using the...Ch. 12.2 - Express each of the Boolean functions in...Ch. 12.2 - Show that a)x=xx . b)xy=(xy)(xy) . c)x+y=(xx)(yy)...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 12.2 - Show that{} is functionally complete using...Ch. 12.2 - Express each of the Boolean functions in Exercise...Ch. 12.2 - Express each of the Boolean functions in Exercise...Ch. 12.2 - Show that the set of operators{+,} is not...Ch. 12.2 - Are these sets of operators functionally complete?...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1—5 find the output of the given...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1—5 find the output of the given...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1—5 find the output of the given...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1—5 find the output of the given...Ch. 12.3 - In Exercises 1—5 find the output of the given...Ch. 12.3 - Construct circuits from inverters, AND gates, and...Ch. 12.3 - Design a circuit that implements majority voting...Ch. 12.3 - Design a circuit for a light fixture controlled by...Ch. 12.3 - Show how the sum of two five-bit integers can be...Ch. 12.3 - Construct a circuit for a half subtractor using...Ch. 12.3 - Construct a circuit for a full subtractor using...Ch. 12.3 - Use the circuits from Exercises 10 and 11 to find...Ch. 12.3 - Construct a circuit that compares the two-bit...Ch. 12.3 - Construct a circuit that computes the product of...Ch. 12.3 - Use NAND gates to construct circuits with these...Ch. 12.3 - Use NOR gates to construct circuits for the...Ch. 12.3 - Construct a half adder using NAND gates.Ch. 12.3 - Construct a half adder using NOR gates.Ch. 12.3 - Construct a multiplexer using AND gates, OR gates,...Ch. 12.3 - Find the depth of a) the circuit constructed in...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 12.4 - Find the sum-of-products expansions represented by...Ch. 12.4 - Draw the K-maps of these sum-of-products...Ch. 12.4 - Use a K-map to find a minimal expansion as a...Ch. 12.4 - a) Draw a K-map for a function in three variables....Ch. 12.4 - Use K-maps to find simpler circuits with the same...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 12.4 - Construct a K-map for F(x,y,z) =xz + yz+y z. Use...Ch. 12.4 - Draw the 3-cube Q3 and label each vertex with the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 12.4 - Use a K-map to find a minimal expansion as a...Ch. 12.4 - a) Draw a K-map for a function in four variables....Ch. 12.4 - Use a K-map to find a minimal expansion as a...Ch. 12.4 - Find the cells in a K-map for Boolean functions...Ch. 12.4 - How many cells in a K-map for Boolean functions...Ch. 12.4 - a) How many cells does a K-map in six variables...Ch. 12.4 - Show that cells in a K-map for Boolean functions...Ch. 12.4 - Which rows and which columns of a 4 x 16 map for...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 12.4 - Use the Quine-McCluskey method to simplify the...Ch. 12.4 - Use the Quine—McCluskey method to simp1i’ the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 24ECh. 12.4 - Use the Quine—McCluskey method to simplify the...Ch. 12.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 31ECh. 12.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 12.4 - show that products of k literals correspond to...Ch. 12 - Define a Boolean function of degreen.Ch. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - Explain how to build a circuit for a light...Ch. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Is there a single type of logic gate that can be...Ch. 12 - a) Explain how K-maps can be used to simplify...Ch. 12 - a) Explain how K-maps can be used to simplify...Ch. 12 - a) What is a don’t care condition? b) Explain how...Ch. 12 - a) Explain how to use the Quine-McCluskev method...Ch. 12 - Prob. 1SECh. 12 - Prob. 2SECh. 12 - Prob. 3SECh. 12 - Prob. 4SECh. 12 - Prob. 5SECh. 12 - Prob. 6SECh. 12 - Prob. 7SECh. 12 - Prob. 8SECh. 12 - Prob. 9SECh. 12 - Prob. 10SECh. 12 - Prob. 11SECh. 12 - Prob. 12SECh. 12 - Prob. 13SECh. 12 - Prob. 14SECh. 12 - Prob. 15SECh. 12 - Prob. 16SECh. 12 - How many of the 16 Boolean functions in two...Ch. 12 - Prob. 18SECh. 12 - Prob. 19SECh. 12 - Design a circuit that determines whether three or...Ch. 12 - Prob. 21SECh. 12 - A Boolean function that can be represented by a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 23SECh. 12 - Prob. 24SECh. 12 - Given the values of two Boolean variablesxandy,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 2CPCh. 12 - Prob. 3CPCh. 12 - Prob. 4CPCh. 12 - Prob. 5CPCh. 12 - Prob. 6CPCh. 12 - Prob. 7CPCh. 12 - Prob. 8CPCh. 12 - Prob. 9CPCh. 12 - Given the table of values of a Boolean function,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CPCh. 12 - Prob. 12CPCh. 12 - Prob. 1CAECh. 12 - Prob. 2CAECh. 12 - Prob. 3CAECh. 12 - Prob. 4CAECh. 12 - Prob. 5CAECh. 12 - Prob. 6CAECh. 12 - Prob. 7CAECh. 12 - Describe some of the early machines devised to...Ch. 12 - Explain the difference between combinational...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3WPCh. 12 - Prob. 4WPCh. 12 - Find out how logic gates are physically...Ch. 12 - Explain howdependency notationcan be used to...Ch. 12 - Describe how multiplexers are used to build...Ch. 12 - Explain the advantages of using threshold gates to...Ch. 12 - Describe the concept ofhazard-free switching...Ch. 12 - Explain how to use K-maps to minimize functions of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 11WPCh. 12 - Describe what is meant by the functional...
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- Question 2. An American option on a stock has payoff given by F = f(St) when it is exercised at time t. We know that the function f is convex. A person claims that because of convexity, it is optimal to exercise at expiration T. Do you agree with them?arrow_forwardQuestion 4. We consider a CRR model with So == 5 and up and down factors u = 1.03 and d = 0.96. We consider the interest rate r = 4% (over one period). Is this a suitable CRR model? (Explain your answer.)arrow_forwardQuestion 3. We want to price a put option with strike price K and expiration T. Two financial advisors estimate the parameters with two different statistical methods: they obtain the same return rate μ, the same volatility σ, but the first advisor has interest r₁ and the second advisor has interest rate r2 (r1>r2). They both use a CRR model with the same number of periods to price the option. Which advisor will get the larger price? (Explain your answer.)arrow_forward
- Question 5. We consider a put option with strike price K and expiration T. This option is priced using a 1-period CRR model. We consider r > 0, and σ > 0 very large. What is the approximate price of the option? In other words, what is the limit of the price of the option as σ∞. (Briefly justify your answer.)arrow_forwardQuestion 6. You collect daily data for the stock of a company Z over the past 4 months (i.e. 80 days) and calculate the log-returns (yk)/(-1. You want to build a CRR model for the evolution of the stock. The expected value and standard deviation of the log-returns are y = 0.06 and Sy 0.1. The money market interest rate is r = 0.04. Determine the risk-neutral probability of the model.arrow_forwardSeveral markets (Japan, Switzerland) introduced negative interest rates on their money market. In this problem, we will consider an annual interest rate r < 0. We consider a stock modeled by an N-period CRR model where each period is 1 year (At = 1) and the up and down factors are u and d. (a) We consider an American put option with strike price K and expiration T. Prove that if <0, the optimal strategy is to wait until expiration T to exercise.arrow_forward
- We consider an N-period CRR model where each period is 1 year (At = 1), the up factor is u = 0.1, the down factor is d = e−0.3 and r = 0. We remind you that in the CRR model, the stock price at time tn is modeled (under P) by Sta = So exp (μtn + σ√AtZn), where (Zn) is a simple symmetric random walk. (a) Find the parameters μ and σ for the CRR model described above. (b) Find P Ste So 55/50 € > 1). StN (c) Find lim P 804-N (d) Determine q. (You can use e- 1 x.) Ste (e) Find Q So (f) Find lim Q 004-N StN Soarrow_forwardIn this problem, we consider a 3-period stock market model with evolution given in Fig. 1 below. Each period corresponds to one year. The interest rate is r = 0%. 16 22 28 12 16 12 8 4 2 time Figure 1: Stock evolution for Problem 1. (a) A colleague notices that in the model above, a movement up-down leads to the same value as a movement down-up. He concludes that the model is a CRR model. Is your colleague correct? (Explain your answer.) (b) We consider a European put with strike price K = 10 and expiration T = 3 years. Find the price of this option at time 0. Provide the replicating portfolio for the first period. (c) In addition to the call above, we also consider a European call with strike price K = 10 and expiration T = 3 years. Which one has the highest price? (It is not necessary to provide the price of the call.) (d) We now assume a yearly interest rate r = 25%. We consider a Bermudan put option with strike price K = 10. It works like a standard put, but you can exercise it…arrow_forwardIn this problem, we consider a 2-period stock market model with evolution given in Fig. 1 below. Each period corresponds to one year (At = 1). The yearly interest rate is r = 1/3 = 33%. This model is a CRR model. 25 15 9 10 6 4 time Figure 1: Stock evolution for Problem 1. (a) Find the values of up and down factors u and d, and the risk-neutral probability q. (b) We consider a European put with strike price K the price of this option at time 0. == 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find (c) Provide the number of shares of stock that the replicating portfolio contains at each pos- sible position. (d) You find this option available on the market for $2. What do you do? (Short answer.) (e) We consider an American put with strike price K = 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find the price of this option at time 0 and describe the optimal exercising strategy. (f) We consider an American call with strike price K ○ = 16 and expiration T = 2 years. Find the price of this option at time 0 and describe…arrow_forward
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