Universe
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781319039448
Author: Robert Geller, Roger Freedman, William J. Kaufmann
Publisher: W. H. Freeman
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Chapter 12, Problem 22Q
To determine
The data from the Galileo probe which was in agreement with the predictions made by the astronomers, and the one which was surprising.
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Prompt: You are on the Sensor and Data Acquisition engineering team for the new NASA space rover program: the Unmanned Mobile Assessment Drone for Basic Reconnaissance and Observation. Your team is working with a very low budget, and have been given a hand-me-down drone which was repurposed from an old Mars mission.
The drone has already landed successfully on Saturn. It’s first task was to travel 4.6 m to a rock and then use it’s built in drill to take a sample. Unfortunately, it appears that the drone stopped very short, only traveling 1.32 m instead of the 4.6 m. Everything about the ultrasonic distance sensor that the drone uses to move with seems to be operating correctly. When you requested details from the drone, it said that the time it took for the 40 kHz ultrasonic sound wave to travel to the rock and back was 0.0108 seconds.
Why did the drone only travel 1.32 m, given the 0.0108s echo time?
At an average opposition, the Earth and Mars are separated by 0.52 AU. Suppose an astronomer
observes Mars at opposition and that seeing blurs the images to a resolution of 1.0 seconds of arc.
What is the smallest surface feature the astronomer would be able to resolve on Mars? How does
this size compare with the diameter of Mars?
There is one part to this question. I need to know the cm. Thank you!
Chapter 12 Solutions
Universe
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Ch. 12 - Prob. 11CCCh. 12 - Prob. 1QCh. 12 - Prob. 2QCh. 12 - Prob. 3QCh. 12 - Prob. 4QCh. 12 - Prob. 5QCh. 12 - Prob. 6QCh. 12 - Prob. 7QCh. 12 - Prob. 8QCh. 12 - Prob. 9QCh. 12 - Prob. 10QCh. 12 - Prob. 11QCh. 12 - Prob. 12QCh. 12 - Prob. 13QCh. 12 - Prob. 14QCh. 12 - Prob. 15QCh. 12 - Prob. 16QCh. 12 - Prob. 17QCh. 12 - Prob. 18QCh. 12 - Prob. 19QCh. 12 - Prob. 20QCh. 12 - Prob. 21QCh. 12 - Prob. 22QCh. 12 - Prob. 23QCh. 12 - Prob. 24QCh. 12 - Prob. 25QCh. 12 - Prob. 26QCh. 12 - Prob. 27QCh. 12 - Prob. 28QCh. 12 - Prob. 29QCh. 12 - Prob. 30QCh. 12 - Prob. 31QCh. 12 - Prob. 33QCh. 12 - Prob. 34QCh. 12 - Prob. 35QCh. 12 - Prob. 36QCh. 12 - Prob. 37QCh. 12 - Prob. 38QCh. 12 - Prob. 39QCh. 12 - Prob. 40QCh. 12 - Prob. 41QCh. 12 - Prob. 42QCh. 12 - Prob. 43QCh. 12 - Prob. 44QCh. 12 - Prob. 45QCh. 12 - Prob. 46QCh. 12 - Prob. 47QCh. 12 - Prob. 48QCh. 12 - Prob. 49QCh. 12 - Prob. 50QCh. 12 - Prob. 51QCh. 12 - Prob. 52QCh. 12 - Prob. 53QCh. 12 - Prob. 54QCh. 12 - Prob. 55QCh. 12 - Prob. 56QCh. 12 - Prob. 57QCh. 12 - Prob. 58QCh. 12 - Prob. 59Q
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- Why is it difficult to drop a probe like Galileo? How did engineers solve this problem?arrow_forwardSuppose you send a probe to land on Mercury, and the probe transmits radio signals to Earth at a wavelength of 59.0000 cm. You listen for the probe when Mercury is moving away from Earth at its full orbital velocity of 48 km/s around the sun. What wavelength (in cm) would you have to tune your radio telescope to detect the signal? (Hint: Use the Doppler shift formula .) (Note: the speed of light if 3.0 x 10^5 km/s. Give your answer to at least four decimal places.) ______ cmarrow_forwardThe iron meteorite that created Barringer Crater (Arizona) was 50 m in diameter. It caused a crater 1.2 km (1200 m) in diameter, that is, 24 times bigger than the impactor. Keeping in mind that the size of the crater depends on many factors, such as the type of rocks present in the area, estimate the approximate size of the impactor that produced Mare Serenitatis.arrow_forward
- Galileo's telescopes were not of high quality by modern standards. He was able to see the moons of Jupiter, but he never reported seeing features on Mars. Use the small-angle formula to find the angular diameter of Mars when it is closest to Earth. How does that compare with the maximum angular diameter of Jupiter? (Assume circular orbits with radii equal to the average distance from the Sun. Using the following distances from the Sun: Mars is 228 million km, Jupiter is 778 million km, and Earth is 150 million km. The radius of Mars is 3396 km. The radius of Jupiter is 71,492 km.) angular diameter of Mars = ( )seconds of arc angular diameter of Jupiter =( )seconds of arc ratio of angular diameters (Jupiter/Mars) = ( )arrow_forwardThe European Space Agency launched a probe called Rosetta in March 2004. In August 2014, Rosetta reached its destination: a comet called 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. Rosetta is the first spacecraft to rendezvous with a comet, and plans to orbit the comet. It contained a lander craft, called Philae. The Philae lander has several scientific instruments onboard, used to study the comet. ALICE is an ultraviolet imaging spectrograph, used to search for noble gases in the comet core. The ALICE instrument uses potassium bromide as one of the compounds in the analysis of noble gases. Potassium bromide has a specific gravity of 2.74. Assume the lander has a liquid sample of potassium bromide onboard that fills a 1.49-gallon [gal] container. What is the mass of the potassium bromide sample in the container, in units of kilograms [kg]?arrow_forwardA spacecraft leaving Earth is deployed at burnout from its launch vehicle at 400 km altitude with flight path angle -10.0 degrees and speed 10.8 km/sec. ; Using Kepler's equation, determine how long it will take the spacecraft to cross lunar orbit (assume the Moon is on a circular orbit about Earth with 384,000 km radius, and ignore the lunar gravitational effects). Confirm your answer to part (a) using the appropriate Lambert TOF a. b. equation. If burnout speed is increased to 13 km/sec (still with flight path angle с. at -10.0 degrees and altitude 400 km), how much time can be saved for the trip to the Moon?arrow_forward
- Calculate how long radio communications from the spacecraft will take when it encounters Mars. The furthest distance from Earth to Mars is 2.66 AU. Remember that 1 AU = 1.5 x 1011 m and that light travels at 3 x 108 m/s. So how long will the radio messages take to travel this greatest distance of 2.66 AU? If two way communication between the Earth and the spacecraft involve a 1 s time lapse before an acknowledging signal is sent by the spacecraft, how long a time is there between sending a command to the spacecraft and receiving a reply?arrow_forwardThe Chelyabinsk meteor entered Earth’s atmosphere at an 18° angle. What would have happened if it had entered at 90°?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference in the orbital velocities of the two shepherd satellites of Uranus, Cordelia and Ophelia, which have orbital radii of 49,800 km and 53,800 km, respectively? (Hint: Use the formula for circular velocity, Eq. 5-1a. The formula requires input quantities in kg and m.)arrow_forward
- Why is Saturn’s moon Enceladus such an exciting place to send a mission?arrow_forwardYou have read all the material you could find about The Howler and about The Cylinder of Fate . Based on this reading and some information about the sea floor and tides in the area where The Howler was thought to have sunk, you suggest that the team start by taking the search boat 65 meters due east of shore. At this distance the angle of depression between the shore and the hypothetical location of The Howler and its treasure should be about. The search boat will be at the vertex of a angle between the shore and the treasure below. Use this information and what you know about solving triangles using trigonometric functions to explore the questions below. What is the straight-line distance between the treasure and the shore? You can round to the nearest hundredth, as needed. Show your workarrow_forwardWith what orbital time did the Apollo 11 probe orbit as it was 100 km above the surface of the Moon, while astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin landed on the moon with the lunar module Eagle? (The solution is 118 minutes)arrow_forward
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