Chapter 12, Problem 22A

Solution

To write:

A sentence that connects the two vocabulary terms, mRNA and tRNA.

Introduction:

According to central dogma, the information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins. The process of protein synthesis is accomplished through translation. Translation is a process of conversion of RNA codon sequences into their respective amino acid sequences and finally to a specific protein. This process mainly occurs in the ribosomes. It’s a crucial process for a cell and organism’s proper functioning by the accurate synthesis of proteins. This process is carried out into three major steps.

A sentence that joins the vocabulary terms mRNA and tRNA is “the codons in the mRNA are read by tRNA”.

Steps of translation

1. Initiation process include binding of ribosomes on mRNA, begins with a start codon 5’AUG and is recognized code for methionine that serves nearly always as the first amino acid.
2. Elongation occurs in the ribosome that contains two tRNA binding sites, one to hold peptide and one that accepts the tRNA. All of these steps are yielded by hydrolysis of ATP. Ribosomes translocate along the length of mRNA molecule with the association of charged tRNA on each codon continuing the cycle from N terminal to C terminal.
3. Termination of transcription happens when the three stop codon enters the A site where no tRNA can bind hence release the polypeptide and ribosomes dissociates. The protein thus formed is then translocated according to its target site preferences and its function.