Essentials of Geology (Fifth Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780393263398
Author: Stephen Marshak
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
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Question
Chapter 12, Problem 1RQ
To determine
The fundamental sources of energy.
Expert Solution & Answer
Answer to Problem 1RQ
Energy comes from several sources, such as solar radiation, gravity,
Explanation of Solution
There are several fundamental sources of energy in the Earth’s system and they are energy directly from the sun: formed by nuclear fusion reactions in the sun; energy directly from gravity: gravitational attraction force between the moon and sun; energy involving solar energy and gravity; energy via photosynthesis; energy from fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal); energy from inorganic chemical reactions; energy from nuclear fission; and energy from the Earth’s internal energy.
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Exercise Ten / Geologic Time
177
d. Based on the ages of the rock layers in outcrop 1, identify an unconformity. Remember that an unconformity is
a break in the rock record. Draw a wavy line on the figure to represent the unconformity.
Ginkgo
Period
Ginkgo
Lepidodendron
Dimetrodon
Period
Tyrannosaurus
Calamites
Inoceramus
Period
Lepidodendron
Rhodocrinites
Archimedes
Eurypterus
Period
Sharks
Period
Phacops
Agnostus
Outcrop 1
Period
Period
Ichthyosaurus
Period
Sharks
Ceratites
Period
Paleolimulus
A Figure 10.17 Sequences of sedimentary rock layers to accompany Question 7.
10.8 Numerical Dating with Radioactivity
■ Explain the principle of radiometric dating, including half-life, parent isotope,
and daughter product.
Radioactivity has provided a reliable means for calculating the numerical (absolute) age of
rocks, a procedure called radiometric dating. Radioactive isotopes, such as uranium-238,
emit particles from their nuclei that we call radiation. Ultimately, the process of decay…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Essentials of Geology (Fifth Edition)
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.7 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.8 - Prob. 1QQ
Ch. 12.9 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.9 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.10 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.10 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.11 - Prob. 1DYEWCh. 12.11 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12.12 - Prob. 1QQCh. 12 - Prob. 1RQCh. 12 - Prob. 2RQCh. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - Prob. 5RQCh. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - Prob. 7RQCh. 12 - Prob. 8RQCh. 12 - Prob. 9RQCh. 12 - Prob. 10RQCh. 12 - Prob. 11RQCh. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - Prob. 13RQCh. 12 - Prob. 14RQCh. 12 - Prob. 15RQCh. 12 - Prob. 16RQCh. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Prob. 18RQCh. 12 - Prob. 19RQCh. 12 - Prob. 20RQCh. 12 - Prob. 21RQCh. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Prob. 23OFTCh. 12 - Prob. 24OFTCh. 12 - Prob. 1ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 2ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 3ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 4ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 5ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 6ILRQCh. 12 - Prob. 7ILRQ
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- Dike K H Fault L Figure 10.12 Geologic block diagram of a hypothetical area. C Youngest B Intrusion J Oldest "arrow_forwardChrome File Edit View History 0 O ↑ X O SIS Ω 4-511 6 Bookmarks Profiles Tab Window Help X 4-510 X 4-509 + cl.castlelearning.com/Review/CLO/Student/Assignment/Questions?assignmentID=13205009&tid=9976762 0 Qad c 4-511 Select Language 98 Mon May 5 5:26 PM Relaunch to update CED Sal Salvatore Burgio 5009 Which cross section best represents the pattern of sediments deposited on the bottom of a lake as the velocity of the stream entering the lake steadily decreased? -Top 2. esc Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom Top Bottom Submit Answer Zoom: Standard Note Bookmark Eliminator Highlighter Line Reader Reference Calculator Ruter Protractor MAY LO XA tv N Aa MacBook Pro C D Search or type URL ABGAB 1 2 # $ % & 3 4 5 6 7 8 00 Q W E R T Y U tab A S D F G caps lock shift H H ( 9 0 O + 11 Listen P [ ] J K L ? Z X C V B N M H command option L H fn control option command delete return shiftarrow_forwardI need help with part b and c. I don't want an explanation I need the actual graph, because it's hard to understand an explanation without showing what they mean.arrow_forward
- I need help with part b and c. I don't want an explanation I need the actual graph preferably broken down, because it's hard to understand an explanation without showing what they mean.arrow_forwardI need help with part b and c I don't know how to draw it.arrow_forwardI need help on part barrow_forward
- I need help with part carrow_forwardCan someone one sketch this and show me step by step how they did it.arrow_forward4. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.15? From the Ordovician period through the Permian period. 5. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.16? From the Cambrian period through the Permian period. 6. Imagine that you have discovered a rock outcrop that contains the fossils identified in Questions 4 and 5. What is the geologic range of this rock?From theperiod through the period.arrow_forward
- 4. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.15? From the period through the period5. What is the geologic range of the fossil shown in Figure 10.16? From the period through the period.arrow_forwardACTIVITY 10.6 Types of Fossils Pg 174 1. Refer to Figure 10.13. Which photo(s) (A-1) best illustrate(s) the methods of fossilization or fossil evidence listed below? (Photos/letters may be used more than once.)Permineralization: The small internal cavities and pores of an original organism that are filled with precipitated mineral matter. Photo(s):Cast: The space once occupied by a dissolved shell or other structure that is subsequently filled with mineral matter. Photo(s):Carbonization: Preservation that occurs when fine sediment encases delicate plant or animal forms and leaves a residue of carbon, Photo(s):Impression: A replica of an organism, such as a leaf, left in fine-grained sedimentary rock. Photo(s):Amber: Hardened resin of ancient trees that preserved delicate organisms such as insects. Photo(s):Indirect evidence: Traces of prehistoric life but not the organism itself. Photo(s):arrow_forwardACTIVITY 10.7 Fossils as Time Indicators Pgs 175-176Use Figure 10.14, page 175, to complete the following. 1. What is the geologic range of plants that belong to the group Ginkgo?From theperiod through theperiod. 2. What is the geologic range of Lepidodendron, an extinct coal-producing plant?From theperiod through theperiod. 3. Imagine that you have discovered an outcrop of sedimentary rock that contains fossil shark teeth and fossils of Archimedes. In which time periods might this rock have formed?From theperiod through theperiod.arrow_forward
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