Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager's decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs. Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows: Out-of-pocket costs Opportunity costs The meaning of Differential revenue, Differential cost, and Differential Income

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Decentralized businesses can have three responsibility centers that must be evaluated differently because of their functions. • Describe the three responsibility centers and give an example of each from your work. • Give an explanation about how each is evaluated. • Tell us why you would prefer to work in a centralized or decentralized organization. • Discuss which type of responsibility center you would prefer to manage and why.

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Chapter 12, Problem 1CDQ

To determine

Concept Introduction:

Decision making plays an important role in the management. The decisions taken by managers are called managerial decisions. Managerial Decisions are decisions taken by managers for the operations of a firm. These decisions include setting target growth rates, hiring or firing employees, and deciding what products to sell. Manager's decisions are taken on the basis of quantitative as well as the qualitative measures. The managerial decision includes the decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc. These decisions are taken on the basis of relevant costs.

Relevant costs are the costs that are relevant for any decision making. Relevant costs are helpful for take managerial decisions like make or buy, accept or reject new offers, sell or further process etc.

Two basic types of the relevant costs are as follows:

Out-of-pocket costs
Opportunity costs

The meaning of Differential revenue, Differential cost, and Differential Income

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Decentralized businesses can have three responsibility centers that must be evaluated differently because of their functions. • Describe the three responsibility centers and give an example of each from your work. • Give an explanation about how each is evaluated. • Tell us why you would prefer to work in a centralized or decentralized organization. • Discuss which type of responsibility center you would prefer to manage and why.

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12. Identify the following costs as preveron, appraisal, internal failure, or external failure: a. Inspection of final products b. Sales returns of defective products c. Employee training d. Reworking defective products e. Working with suppliers to ensure delivery of high-quality raw materials f. Costs of warranty repairs g. Product testing Type of cost Prevention Appraisal Internal failure External failure