CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
12th Edition
ISBN: 9780136858256
Author: Urry
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.2, Problem 1CC
Explain why "editing" is a metaphor for how natural selection acts on a population’s heritable Variation.
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explain why “editing” is a metaphor for how naturalselection acts on a population’s heritable variation
Suppose that a population is at equilibrium between mutation and selection for a deleterious recessive allele, where s = 0.5 and μ = 10−5. What is the equilibrium frequency of the allele? What is the selection cost?
The evolution of a qualitative trait in reponse to natural selection is described by the following equation,
R=h2 S
a) What is h2 and what does it measure?
b) Describe a study that would allow you to estimate h2 for a real population
Chapter 1 Solutions
CAMPBELL BIOLOGY (18W)
Ch. 1.1 - Starting with the molecular level in Figure 1.3,...Ch. 1.1 - Identify the theme or themes exemplified by (a)...Ch. 1.1 - WHAT IF? For each theme discussed in this...Ch. 1.2 - Explain why "editing" is a metaphor for how...Ch. 1.2 - Referring to Figure 1.20, provide a possible...Ch. 1.2 - DRAW IT The three domains you learned about in...Ch. 1.3 - What qualitative Observation led to the...Ch. 1.3 - Contrast inductive reasoning with deductive...Ch. 1.3 - Why is natural selection called a theory?Ch. 1.3 - WHAT IF? In the deserts of New Mexico, the soils...
Ch. 1.4 - How does science differ from technology?Ch. 1.4 - MAKE CONNECTIONS The gene that causes sickle-cell...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.1CRCh. 1 - How could natural selection have led to the...Ch. 1 - What are the roles of gathering and interpreting...Ch. 1 - Explain why different approaches and diverse...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following best demonstrates the unity...Ch. 1 - Prob. 4TYUCh. 1 - Which of the following statements best...Ch. 1 - Which of the following is an example of...Ch. 1 - Prob. 7TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 9TYUCh. 1 - SCIENTIFIC INQUIRY Based an the results of the...Ch. 1 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: EVOLUTION In a Short essay...Ch. 1 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE Can you pick out the...
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- There are three modes of natural selection: stabilizing selection, directional selection and diversifying/ disruptive selection. Describe each mode and explain how each mode affects the evolution of a population.arrow_forwardWhat is Darwinian fitness? What types of characteristics canpromote high fitness values? Give several examples.arrow_forwardRefer to the figure above. In their investigation of natural selection on Mc1r alleles (the gene that determines coat color) in Arizona pocket mice, Hoekstra et al. determined the frequency of the D and d alleles in each population. They also determined the frequency of alleles for two neutral mitochondrial DNA genes (genes that do not affect and are not linked to coat color). Why did the researchers include the mitochondrial DNA genes as part of their experimental design? Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on any general background genetic difference among these populations. Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as a control and determines coat-color differences among these populations. Allele change for the neutral mitochondrial genes serves as an experimental group and gives information on coat-color differences among these populations. Allele…arrow_forward
- What is one important advantage of using environmental DNA (eDNA), instead of traditional field-based capture techniques, to study species distributions? For a given population density, eDNA has a higher probability of detecting a species if it is present. By looking at telomere length on the chromosomes found in an environmental DNA sample, researchers can gather information about the age distribution of organisms in a population. O By looking at epigenetic marks on an environmental DNA sample, researchers can gather information about the health of the organisms in a population. All of the abovearrow_forwardGenetic variation is the product of completely random events, but acting upon this randomness is a very nonrandom process called natural selection. Explain or give an example.arrow_forwardList and explain the three conditions that must be met in order for a population to evolve by natural selection.arrow_forward
- What is the fundamental difference between selective breeding (artificial selection) and genetic engineering in terms of genetic diversity? How would you test for genetic diversity within each population? Explain.arrow_forwardNatural selection predicts that two species that came from a common ancestor should have high degree of correlation in their genomes. what aspect (use) of correlation am I using when apply it for this purpose?arrow_forwardEvolution is driven by both nonrandom and random mechanisms. Identify the mechanisms of evolution that are random and comment on how they affect allele frequencies across generations.arrow_forward
- Suppose a population of organisms is in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium with respect to a gene that has two alleles, Y and y. The YY genotype has a frequency of 0.11, the Yy genotype has a frequency of 0.44, and the y genotype has a frequency of 0.45. Calculate the frequency of each allele to two decimal places. Y allele frequency: y allele frequency:arrow_forwardThis is a graph of the expected frequency of a deleterious allele, with a constant mutation rate, within a population at different levels of selection against it. 0.000012 0.00001 0.000008 0.000006 0.000004 0.000002 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 H = 10 i) What is the overall trend shown? ii) What is the mutation-selection balance? iii) The formula for the equilibrium frequency of a deleterious allele within a population is p^=u/s where u is the mutation rate and s is the selection coefficient. Using the relationships illustrated by this formula, determine the following for a population with two deleterious alleles A and B: a) If A has a high mutation rate and low selection coefficient, and B has a low mutation rate and a medium selection coefficient, which would deleterious allele would be expected to be seen in higher frequency? b) If both A and B have a similar selection coefficient, but B is seen at a higher frequency than A, which allele likely has the highest mutation rate? c) If both A and B…arrow_forwardYou conduct an exercise in the Darwinian Snails Sim-U-Text lab. You simulate conditions under which survival of snails is selective-that is, snails with thicker shells are less likely to be preyed on by crabs than snails with thinner shells. The default settings also ensure the trait is heritable, and the population has variation in this trait. You allow mutations to occur. As you run the simulation, you observe that the mean shell thickness of the population increases over successive snail generations. Have you successfully simulated natural selection? No, because no snails appeared with thicker shells than the thickest shells observed in the initial population O Yes, because crabs preyed on the snails O No, because you cannot have selection with mutations operating No, because the changes in shell thickness could have been due to genetic drift O Yes, because there was a change in the mean shell thickness Yes, because there were mutationsarrow_forward
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