Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134243818
Author: Elaine N. Marieb, Patricia Brady Wilhelm, Jon B. Mallatt
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 12, Problem 17RQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The term interneuron.
Introduction:
The peripheral nervous system includes cranial nerves originate from the brain and the spinal nerves originate from the spinal cord. The peripheral nervous system is classified into somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system. The autonomic nervous system controls all involuntary actions of the body through sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions.
1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction?
2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe:
a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why?
b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for?
3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale.
4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale.
Mutation 1
Mutation 2
Chapter 12 Solutions
Human Anatomy (8th Edition)
Ch. 12 - In which direction are afferent signals carried?...Ch. 12 - What subdivision of the nervous system regulates...Ch. 12 - What type of sensation is (a) pain from a pulled...Ch. 12 - Which type of neuron process receives stimuli?Ch. 12 - Describe how the electrical impulse from one...Ch. 12 - What is the structural type of most sensory...Ch. 12 - Which structural type of neuron is most abundant?...Ch. 12 - Which neuroglia make myelin in the CNS? In the...Ch. 12 - Which neuroglia are common in regions where...Ch. 12 - Do Schwann cells cover nonmyelinated axons in the...
Ch. 12 - Name the connective tissue wrapping that encloses...Ch. 12 - Where do synaspes occur in the CNS, in white...Ch. 12 - Why is white matter white?Ch. 12 - If there is no interneuron in a reflex arc, as in...Ch. 12 - If you touch a hot stove, you reflexively...Ch. 12 - What type of neuronal circuit contains multiple...Ch. 12 - Both peripheral nerves and the white matter of the...Ch. 12 - From your understanding of the functions of myelin...Ch. 12 - What type of neurons form from neuroblasts in the...Ch. 12 - How does the development of sensory neurons...Ch. 12 - Which of the following structures is not part of...Ch. 12 - Match the names of the cells in column B with the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3RQCh. 12 - Prob. 4RQCh. 12 - An example of an effector is (a) the eye, (b) a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6RQCh. 12 - A ganglion is a collection of (a) neuron cell...Ch. 12 - A synapse between a terminal bouton and a neuron...Ch. 12 - Myelin is most like which of the following cell...Ch. 12 - Prob. 10RQCh. 12 - Afferent neurons of the PNS synapse in the CNS...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12RQCh. 12 - Prob. 13RQCh. 12 - Place the connective tissue coverings surrounding...Ch. 12 - Define proprioception.Ch. 12 - Prob. 16RQCh. 12 - Prob. 17RQCh. 12 - Distinguish gray matter from white matter of the...Ch. 12 - What is distinctive about the appearance of a cell...Ch. 12 - Describe the differences between neurons and...Ch. 12 - Distinguish a nerve from a nerve fiber and a...Ch. 12 - Prob. 22RQCh. 12 - Draw a reflex arc in place in the nervous system...Ch. 12 - Prob. 24RQCh. 12 - Why are the cell bodies of sensory neurons located...Ch. 12 - Prob. 26RQCh. 12 - Two anatomists were arguing about a sensory...Ch. 12 - An MRI scan and other diagnostic tests indicated...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3CRCAQCh. 12 - Rochelle developed multiple sclerosis when she was...Ch. 12 - Reflexes can be somatic (as in the knee-jerk...Ch. 12 - Prob. 6CRCAQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- There is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America. According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals." List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human: Mechanisms 1: Mechanisms 2: For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for: a protein that might incur a mutation: how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells) List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human riskarrow_forwardYou have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…arrow_forwardYou have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forward
- Below is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forwardHow do the muscles on the foot work to balance on an ice skate, specifically the triangle of balance and how does it change when balancing on an ice skate? (Refer to anatomy, be specific)arrow_forward
- Which of the following is NOT an example of passive immunization? A. Administration of tetanus toxoid B. Administration of hepatitis B immunoglobulin C. Administration of rabies immunoglobulin D. Transfer of antibodies via plasma therapyarrow_forwardTranscription and Translation 1. What is the main function of transcription and translation? (2 marks) 2. How is transcription different in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells? (2 marks) 3. Explain the difference between pre-mRNA and post-transcript mRNA. (2 marks) 4. What is the function of the following: (4 marks) i. the cap ii. spliceosome iii. Poly A tail iv. termination sequence 5. What are advantages to the wobble feature of the genetic code? (2 marks) 6. Explain the difference between the: (3 marks) i. A site & P site ii. codon & anticodon iii. gene expression and gene regulation 7. Explain how the stop codon allows for termination. (1 mark) 8. In your own words, summarize the process of translation. (2 marks)arrow_forwardIn this activity you will research performance enhancers that affect the endocrine system or nervous system. You will submit a 1 page paper on one performance enhancer of your choice. Be sure to include: the specific reason for use the alleged results on improving performance how it works how it affect homeostasis and improves performance any side-effects of this substancearrow_forward
- Neurons and Reflexes 1. Describe the function of the: a) dendrite b) axon c) cell body d) myelin sheath e) nodes of Ranvier f) Schwann cells g) motor neuron, interneuron and sensory neuron 2. List some simple reflexes. Explain why babies are born with simple reflexes. What are they and why are they necessary. 3. Explain why you only feel pain after a few seconds when you touch something very hot but you have already pulled your hand away. 4. What part of the brain receives sensory information? What part of the brain directs you to move your hand away? 5. In your own words describe how the axon fires.arrow_forwardMutations Here is your template DNA strand: CTT TTA TAG TAG ATA CCA CAA AGG 1. Write out the complementary mRNA that matches the DNA above. 2. Write the anticodons and the amino acid sequence. 3. Change the nucleotide in position #15 to C. 4. What type of mutation is this? 5. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 6. How has this change affected the amino acid sequence? 7. Now remove nucleotides 13 through 15. 8. Repeat steps 1 & 2. 9. What type of mutation is this? 0. Do all mutations result in a change in the amino acid sequence? 1. Are all mutations considered bad? 2. The above sequence codes for a genetic disorder called cystic fibrosis (CF). 3. When A is changed to G in position #15, the person does not have CF. When T is changed to C in position #14, the person has the disorder. How could this have originated?arrow_forwardhoose a scientist(s) and research their contribution to our derstanding of DNA structure or replication. Write a one page port and include: their research where they studied and the time period in which they worked their experiments and results the contribution to our understanding of DNA cientists Watson & Crickarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...Health & NutritionISBN:9781305634350Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. SchroederPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billin...Health & NutritionISBN:9781337679480Author:GREENPublisher:Cengage
Medical Terminology for Health Professions, Spira...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781305634350
Author:Ann Ehrlich, Carol L. Schroeder, Laura Ehrlich, Katrina A. Schroeder
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Understanding Health Insurance: A Guide to Billin...
Health & Nutrition
ISBN:9781337679480
Author:GREEN
Publisher:Cengage