The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified. CH 3 OH or CH 3 CH 3 Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows: 1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule. 2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule. 3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole. 4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule. 5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule. 6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces. The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm . The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows: dispersion forces < dipole − dipole forces < hydrogen bonds < ion − dipole forces

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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An expression for the root mean square velocity, vrms, of a gas was derived. Using Maxwell’s velocity distribution, one can also calculate the mean velocity and the most probable velocity (mp) of a collection of molecules. The equations used for these two quantities are vmean=(8RT/πM)1/2 and vmp=(2RT/M)1/2 These values have a fixed relationship to each other.(a) Arrange these three quantities in order of increasing magnitude.(b) Show that the relative magnitudes are independent of the molar mass of the gas.(c) Use the smallest velocity as a reference for establishing the order of magnitude and determine the relationship between the larger and smaller values.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.54P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

CH3OH or CH3CH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the following pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

FNO or ClNO

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The substance among the given pair that has the higher boiling point is to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The boiling point of the liquid is defined as the temperature at which the liquid and gas are in equilibrium and the pressure is 1 atm. The boiling point is directly related to the strength of intermolecular forces. More is the strength of intermolecular forces more will be the boiling point of the compound. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5BFP

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