The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined. C 2 H 6 or C 4 H 10 Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows: 1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule. 2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule. 3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole. 4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule. 5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule. 6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces. The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows: dispersion forces < dipole − dipole forces < hydrogen bonds < ion − dipole forces

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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8:57 PM Sun Jan 26 Content ← Explanation Page X Content X ALEKS Jade Nicol - Le A https://www-av C www-awa.aleks.com O States of Matter Understanding consequences of important physical properties of liquids ? QUESTION Liquid A is known to have a lower viscosity and lower surface tension than Liquid B. Use these facts to predict the result of each experiment in the table below, if you can. experiment Liquid A and Liquid B are each pumped through tubes with an inside diameter of 27.0 mm, and the pressures PA and PB needed to produce a steady flow of 2.4 mL/s are measured. 25.0 mL of Liquid A are poured into a beaker, and 25.0 mL of Liquid B are poured into an identical beaker. Stirrers in each beaker are connected to motors, and the forces FA and FB needed to stir each liquid at a constant rate are measured. predicted outcome OPA will be greater than PB OPA will be less than PB OPA will be equal to PB It's impossible to predict whether PA or PB will be greater without more information.…

Show work. Don't give Ai generated solution

5. Please draw in the blanks the missing transition states and the correlated products. Explicitly display relevant absolute stereochemical configuration. MeOH I OMe H Endo transition state, dienophile approaching from the bottom of diene + H ཎྞཾ ཌཱརཱ༔,_o OMe H H OMe Endo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) + Exo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) Exo transition state, dienophile approaching from the top of diene or from the bottom but horizontally flipped (draw one) MeO H H MeO H MeO H MeO H H

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.49P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

C2H6 or C4H10

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has a higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

CH3CH2OH or CH3CH2F

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The liquid among the following pair that has the higher vapor pressure at a given temperature is to be determined.

NH3 or PH3

Concept introduction:

Intermolecular forces operate between the molecules so changes with change in the phase and effects with physical properties of the substance. In intermolecular forces, the bond is formed between two molecules with partial charges that are present relatively far away from each other. The types of intermolecular forces are as follows:

1. Ion-dipole: Ion-dipole forces are the attractive forces that exist between an ion and a polar molecule.

2. Hydrogen bond: Hydrogen bonding is the attractive forces that exist between the molecule with a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom like fluorine, nitrogen, and oxygen of one molecule and an electronegative atom of another molecule.

3. Dipole-dipole: Dipole-dipole is the attractive forces that exist between two polar molecules that have a permanent dipole.

4. Ion-induced dipole: Ion-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between the ion and a nonpolar molecule.

5. Dipole-induced dipole: Dipole-induced dipole is the attractive forces that exist between a polar and a nonpolar molecule.

6. Dispersion forces: In dispersion forces, a temporary dipole is generated on one molecule that further induces a temporary dipole on the molecule adjacent to it. The temporary dipole results in the attraction between opposite charges and dispersion forces exist in the molecule. All the atoms and molecules exhibit dispersion forces.

The vapor pressure of a compound decreases when the strength of intermolecular forces present between the molecules. The vaporization of a liquid occurs when the intermolecular forces between the molecules break and the molecules are free to vaporize. The increasing order of strength is as follows:

dispersion forces<dipole−dipole forces<hydrogen bonds<ion−dipole forces

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5BFP

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