The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined. Br − or I − Concept introduction: The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces. Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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There is an instrument in Johnson 334 that measures total-reflectance x-ray fluorescence (TXRF) to do elemental analysis (i.e., determine what elements are present in a sample). A researcher is preparing a to measure calcium content in a series of well water samples by TXRF with an internal standard of vanadium (atomic symbol: V). She has prepared a series of standard solutions to ensure a linear instrument response over the expected Ca concentration range of 40-80 ppm. The concentrations of Ca and V (ppm) and the instrument response (peak area, arbitrary units) are shown below. Also included is a sample spectrum. Equation 1 describes the response factor, K, relating the analyte signal (SA) and the standard signal (SIS) to their respective concentrations (CA and CIS). Ca, ppm V, ppm SCa, arb. units SV, arb. units 20.0 10.0 14375.11 14261.02 40.0 10.0 36182.15 17997.10 60.0 10.0 39275.74 12988.01 80.0 10.0 57530.75 14268.54 100.0…

A mixture of 0.568 M H₂O, 0.438 M Cl₂O, and 0.710 M HClO are enclosed in a vessel at 25 °C. H₂O(g) + C₁₂O(g) = 2 HOCl(g) K = 0.0900 at 25°C с Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of each gas at 25 °C. [H₂O]= [C₁₂O]= [HOCI]= M Σ M

What units (if any) does the response factor (K) have? Does the response factor (K) depend upon how the concentration is expressed (e.g. molarity, ppm, ppb, etc.)?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.47P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

Br− or I−

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

CH2=CH2 or CH3−CH3

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The species among the following pair that has the greater polarizability is to be determined.

H2O or H2Se

Concept introduction:

The electron cloud around an atom and molecules gets distorted when the external electric field is applied. Polarizability is the measure of that distortion of the electron cloud in the presence of the electric field. This distortion is responsible for the generation of the dipole in nonpolar molecules and leads to dispersion forces.

Polarizability is directly related to size and therefore increases with increase in size. The pi electrons can be easily polarized as compared to sigma electrons and therefore compounds with pi bonds has greater polarizability than compounds with sigma bonds.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.1BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.2BFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3AFP Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 12.3BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.4BFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5AFP Ch. 12.3 - Prob. 12.5BFP

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