EBK COMPUTER SYSTEMS
EBK COMPUTER SYSTEMS
3rd Edition
ISBN: 8220101459107
Author: O'HALLARON
Publisher: YUZU
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.34HW
Program Plan Intro

I/O Multiplexing:

  • The idea of I/O multiplexing is to use “select” function to ask kernel to suspend process.
  • It returns control to application only after one or more I/O events had occurred.
  • It denotes waiting for a set of descriptors that is ready for reading.
  • The “select” function would manipulate sets of type “fd_set”, that denotes descriptor sets.
  • It takes two inputs: a descriptor set called “read set” and cardinality of read set.
  • It blocks until at least one descriptor in read set is ready for reading.
  • A descriptor “k” is ready for reading if and only if a request to read 1 byte from that descriptor would not block.
  • The “fd_set” is been modified that points to argument “fdset” to indicate subset of read set called “ready set”.
  • The value returned by function indicates cardinality of ready set.

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2. Signed Integers Unsigned binary numbers work for natural numbers, but many calculations use negative numbers as well. To deal with this, a number of different methods have been used to represent signed numbers, but we will focus on two's complement, as it is the standard solution for representing signed integers. 2.1 Two's complement • Most significant bit has a negative value, all others are positive. So, the value of an n-digit -2 two's complement number can be written as: Σ2 2¹ di 2n-1 dn • Otherwise exactly the same as unsigned integers. i=0 - • A neat trick for flipping the sign of a two's complement number: flip all the bits (0 becomes 1, or 1 becomes 0) and then add 1 to the least significant bit. • Addition is exactly the same as with an unsigned number. 2.2 Exercises For questions 1-3, answer each one for the case of a two's complement number and an unsigned number, indicating if it cannot be answered with a specific representation. 1. (15 pts) What is the largest integer…
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1. Unsigned Integers If we have an n-digit unsigned numeral dn-1d n-2...do in radix (or base) r, then the value of that numeral is n−1 r² di Σi=0 which is basically saying that instead of a 10's or 100's place we have an r's or r²'s place. For binary, decimal, and hex r equals 2, 10, and 16, respectively. Just a reminder that in order to write down a large number, we typically use the IEC or SI prefixing system: IEC: Ki = 210, Mi = 220, Gi = 230, Ti = 240, Pi = 250, Ei = 260, Zi = 270, Yi = 280; SI: K=103, M = 106, G = 109, T = 10¹², P = 1015, E = 10¹8, Z = 1021, Y = 1024. 1.1 Conversions a. (15 pts) Write the following using IEC prefixes: 213, 223, 251, 272, 226, 244 21323 Ki8 Ki 223 23 Mi 8 Mi b. (15 pts) Write the following using SI prefixes: 107, 10¹7, 10¹¹, 1022, 1026, 1015 107 10¹ M = 10 M = 1017102 P = 100 P c. (10 pts) Write the following with powers of 10: 7 K, 100 E, 21 G 7 K = 7*10³
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