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Over a small wavelength range, the refractive index of a certain material vanes approximately linearly with wavelength as n(
(a) Show that
(b) Using
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Engineering Electromagnetics
- = 51 GO A diffraction grating having 180 lines/mm is illuminated with a light signal containing only two wavelengths, λ₁ = 400 nm and λ2 500 nm. The signal is incident perpendicularly on the grating. (a) What is the angular separation between the second- order maxima of these two wavelengths? (b) What is the smallest angle at which two of the resulting maxima are superimposed? (c) What is the highest order for which maxima for both wave- lengths are present in the diffraction pattern?arrow_forwardP:37)arrow_forwardThe group velocity of electromagnetic waves traveling through a gas is given by: w dK 1- VE 2K do Where K is the dielectric constant of the gas and is related to the refractive index(n) as K = n. The frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of the gas can be expressed as A 1 K =1+- A = 1+ (@ - a*) 27x3x10 1.06x10-6 2nc Where @. =17.78x104radians (i.e. 2 = 1.06 um) A 0.8982 → A=0.8982o, rad a) Determine the wavelength (in nanometers) at which the group velocity equals the phase velocity b) Determine the group velocity (in meters/second) for the gas at the wavelength of part a. c) Determine the refractive index of the gas at the wavelength of part aarrow_forward
- An electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light. What are the wavelengths of the hydrogen spectrum, if they form first-order maxima at angles of 24.2o,25.7o,29.1o,and 41.0o .when projected on a diffraction grating having 10,000 lines per centimeter? (a) What do the four angles in the above problem become if a 5000-line-per-centimeter diffraction grating is used? (b) Using this grating, what would the angles be for the second-order maxima? (c) Discuss therelationship between integral reductions in lines per centimeter and the new angles of various order maxima.arrow_forwardcource/content/1/Normalized%20Frequency%20and%20Examples.pdf 616 81% Example A step index fiber has n, = 1.424. the acceptance angle from air to the fiber if 8.5°. %3D Find: a. Numerical aperture b. Refractive index of the cladding C. Acceptance angle if the outside medium is changes to water (n = 1.33) ans: a) NA = 0.148, b) n2 = 1.416, c) 0a = 6.38° %3D Examplearrow_forwardA::A Q 2Med Physics.pdf 13- The order of increasing wavelength for blue (b), green (g), red (r), and yellow (y) light is: А. г, у, g, b B. r, 8. y, b C. B. y, b, r D. b, g. y,r E. b, y, g,r 14- Which of the following is NOT true for electromagnetic waves? A. they consist of changing electric and magnetic fields B. they travel at different speeds in vacuum, depending on their frequency C. they transport energy D. they transport momentum E. they can be reflected 15- Which of the following electromagnetic waves is used in medicine to destroy cancer cells? (a) IR-rays (b) Visible rays (c) Gamma rays (d) Ultraviolet rays 16- Which of the following has/have zero average value in a plane electromagnetic wave? (a) Both magnetic and electric fields (b) Electric field only (c) Magnetic field only (d) None of these 17- Maxwell's equations predict that the speed of light in free space is A. an increasing function of frequency B. a decreasing function of frequency C. independent frequency D. a…arrow_forward
- (Only the last part) Write the expressions for E and B in the form ? = 10 sin(?? − ??) and ? = ???? sin(?? − ??) with numerical values for Bmax, k, and w when the wavelength λ = 500 m, and the period T=6 s. (?0 = 4? × 10−7 T. m/A, ? = 3 × 108 m/s)arrow_forwardIn an AM wave represented by v(t) = 5[1+0.2x(t)]cos @,t , where x(t) is represented by density function UDF [-2, 2]. Transmission efficiency of above AM wave is (A)3.8 % (B) 5 % (C) 7.6 % (D)1.9 %arrow_forwardTwo waves travelling in the same direction are given by: y1 = 0.2 sin(1.5ttx-20t+p) and y2 = 0.2 sin(1.5Ttx-20t), where x and y are in meters andt is in seconds. If the %3D two waves start at the same moment, then the path difference, Ax, corresponding to a fully destructive interference is: O 2/3 m O 3/4 m O 1/2 m 1/3 m O 4/3 marrow_forward
- An optical fiber designed to have a solid acceptance angle 0.083 rad in a liquid and a maximum core diameter of 4.351 mm, operates in a single mode at a wavelength of 1310 nm. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid. Select one a. 1.420 b. 1.418 c. 1.500 d. 1.448 e. 1.416 f. 1.501 g. 1.510arrow_forwardQ1) A step-index fiber having a 25 um core radius, n=1.48, and n=1.46. a) Find the numerical aperture. b) Find the normalized frequency at 820 nm. c) How many modes propagate in this fiber at 820 nm. Q2) Use an appropriate software program to plot the refractive index profiles n(r) as a function of the radial distance r for graded index fibers that have profile parameters a values of 2, 6, and 12. The fibers have n =1.49 (at fiber axis), A=0.01 and core radius a= 30 pum. (plot for - 2aarrow_forwardConsider a GaAs LED with a refractive index of 3.66. The LED's surface is coated with a dielectric with a refractive index of 2.07. Some of the emitted photons are not transmitted due to internal reflection. What is the minimum angle of incidence for total internal reflection to occur? Express your answer in degree (º).arrow_forwardarrow_back_iosSEE MORE QUESTIONSarrow_forward_ios
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