Concept explainers
The concentration of induced Na and Cl radioactivity in the cooling water after a single passage through the reactor core if the mean thermal flux is 1011neutrons per cm2/s and the mean temperature in the core is 80o C.
Answer to Problem 12.1P
Explanation of Solution
Given info:
Water boiler reactor core at a rate is
Coiled stainless steel tube’s inside diameter is
Coiled stainless steel tube’s length is
The concentration of Na and Cl in the water is 5atoms each per million molecules
Mean thermal flux is
The mean temperature in the core is
Formula used:
Activity,
Distance
The number of radioactive atoms/L produced by thermal neutron irradiation of N target atoms/L during an irradiation time t seconds,
Calculation:
Since the irradiation time of one passage through the core is much less than the
The half-life of the activated isotopes, the resulting activity is:
To correct for the cross-section at a different temperature, the following equation is applied to the cross-sections (Etherington):
The following reactions and their associated parameters are used for this problem.
Also listed is the number of target atoms per liter for each element, which were calculated as shown below.
Calculate the number of atoms of each nuclide present per
Since there are 5 atoms Na and Cl for every million molecules of water;
There are two isotopes of Cl:
and
Calculate the irradiation time that is, the time that the water spends in the reactor
For the case of
And, the activity is
Activity
Activity
By similar calculations, we find that for the other activations:
Conclusion:
The concentration of induced
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