
Key determinants of consumption & savings in the Keynesian model.

Answer to Problem 12.1LO
According to Keynes, the consumption function takes the following form:
ere,
Y = Disposable Income (It refers to the income which is left after payment of taxes and receiving transfer payments).
While, the saving function takes the following form:
ere,
Explanation of Solution
As per the models stated above, the main determinants of consumption and savings are listed below:
(a) Disposable Income: As we have seen, Keynes consumption and saving functions are major functions of disposable income. It is clear that income can be either consumed or saved. Whenever, disposable income rises, consumption and savings rise, according to the corresponding values of marginal propensity to consume (MPC) and marginal propensity to save (MPS) respectively.
(b) A change in marginal propensity to consume or save: If due to any reasons, marginal propensity to consume (MPC) rises, the consumption level also rises.
If marginal propensity to save (MPS) rises, then saving level rises.
(c) Miscellaneous Factors: Other factors include, tax rate, transfer payments and wealth, which in turn affects disposable income and indirectly affects the corresponding consumption and savings level in the economy. If the tax rate is high, the disposable income will be low, and the corresponding consumption and savings will also be low. On the other hand, if transfer payments rise, the disposable income rise and corresponding consumption and savings will also rise. A rise in wealth will increase consumption and savings level in the economy.
Note: As per Keynesian model, the real interest rate has not been taken into the main determinant of consumption and savings function.
Introduction:
Keynesian model: The Keynesian
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Economics Today (19th Edition)
- A health study tracked a group of persons for five years. At the beginning of the study, 20%were classified as heavy smokers, 30% as light smokers, and 50% as nonsmokers. Resultsof the study showed that light smokers were twice as likely as nonsmokers to die duringthe five-year study, but only half as likely as heavy smokers.A randomly selected participant from the study died during the five-year period. Calculatethe probability that the participant was a heavy smokerarrow_forwardConsider two assets with the following returns: State Prob. of state R₁ R2 1 23 13 25% 5% 2 -10% 1% Compute the optimal portfolio for an investor having a Bernoulli utility of net returns u(r) = 2√√r+ 10. Compute the certainty equivalent of the optimal portfolio. Do the results change if short-selling is not allowed? If so, how?arrow_forwardIn the graph at the right, the average variable cost is curve ☐. The average total cost is curve marginal cost is curve The C Cost per Unit ($) Per Unit Costs A 0 Output Quantity Barrow_forward
- What are some of the question s that I can ask my economic teacher?arrow_forwardAnswer question 2 only.arrow_forward1. A pension fund manager is considering three mutual funds. The first is a stock fund, the second is a long-term government and corporate fund, and the third is a (riskless) T-bill money market fund that yields a rate of 8%. The probability distributions of the risky funds have the following characteristics: Standard Deviation (%) Expected return (%) Stock fund (Rs) 20 30 Bond fund (RB) 12 15 The correlation between the fund returns is .10.arrow_forward
- Frederick Jones operates a sole proprietorship business in Trinidad and Tobago. His gross annual revenue in 2023 was $2,000,000. He wants to register for VAT, but he is unsure of what VAT entails, the requirements for registration and what he needs to do to ensure that he is fully compliant with VAT regulations. Make reference to the Vat Act of Trinidad and Tobago and explain to Mr. Jones what VAT entails, the requirements for registration and the requirements to be fully compliant with VAT regulations.arrow_forwardCan you show me the answers for parts a and b? Thanks.arrow_forwardWhat are the answers for parts a and b? Thanksarrow_forward
- What are the answers for a,b,c,d? Are they supposed to be numerical answers or in terms of a variable?arrow_forwardSue is a sole proprietor of her own sewing business. Revenues are $150,000 per year and raw material (cloth, thread) costs are $130,000 per year. Sue pays herself a salary of $60,000 per year but gave up a job with a salary of $80,000 to run the business. ○ A. Her accounting profits are $0. Her economic profits are - $60,000. ○ B. Her accounting profits are $0. Her economic profits are - $40,000. ○ C. Her accounting profits are - $40,000. Her economic profits are - $60,000. ○ D. Her accounting profits are - $60,000. Her economic profits are -$40,000.arrow_forwardSelect a number that describes the type of firm organization indicated. Descriptions of Firm Organizations: 1. has one owner-manager who is personally responsible for all aspects of the business, including its debts 2. one type of partner takes part in managing the firm and is personally liable for the firm's actions and debts, and the other type of partner takes no part in the management of the firm and risks only the money that they have invested 3. owners are not personally responsible for anything that is done in the name of the firm 4. owned by the government but is usually under the direction of a more or less independent, state-appointed board 5. established with the explicit objective of providing goods or services but only in a manner that just covers its costs 6. has two or more joint owners, each of whom is personally responsible for all of the partnership's debts Type of Firm Organization a. limited partnership b. single proprietorship c. corporation Correct Numberarrow_forward
- Principles of Economics (12th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134078779Author:Karl E. Case, Ray C. Fair, Sharon E. OsterPublisher:PEARSONEngineering Economy (17th Edition)EconomicsISBN:9780134870069Author:William G. Sullivan, Elin M. Wicks, C. Patrick KoellingPublisher:PEARSON
- Principles of Economics (MindTap Course List)EconomicsISBN:9781305585126Author:N. Gregory MankiwPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics: A Problem Solving ApproachEconomicsISBN:9781337106665Author:Luke M. Froeb, Brian T. McCann, Michael R. Ward, Mike ShorPublisher:Cengage LearningManagerial Economics & Business Strategy (Mcgraw-...EconomicsISBN:9781259290619Author:Michael Baye, Jeff PrincePublisher:McGraw-Hill Education





