Chapter 12, Problem 12.140P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Whether the temperature of liquid gallium at the triple point is higher or lower than the normal melting point is to be determined. Also, the slope of the solid-liquid line for gallium positive or negative is t be determined.

Concept introduction:

The phase diagram is a combination of liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas curves and determines the effect of temperature and pressure on the phase of a substance.

When a solid phase melts it is converted into the liquid phase and when a liquid freeze it changes to a solid phase. The phase changes can be expressed as follows:

$\text{Solid}\underset{\text{Freezing}}{\overset{\text{Melting}}{\rightleftarrows }}\text{Liquid}$

When a liquid is vaporized it changes into the gaseous phase and when a gas condenses it converts to the liquid phase. The phase changes can be expressed as follows:

$\text{Liquid}\underset{\text{Condensation}}{\overset{\text{Vaporization}}{\rightleftarrows }}\text{Gas}$

When solid is sublimed it changes directly to the gas phase and when gas is deposited it converts directly to the solid phase. The phase changes can be expressed as follows:

$\text{Gas}\underset{\text{Sublimation}}{\overset{\text{Deposition}}{\rightleftarrows }}\text{Solid}$