Economics (6th Edition)
Economics (6th Edition)
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134105840
Author: R. Glenn Hubbard, Anthony Patrick O'Brien
Publisher: PEARSON
Question
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.1.1RQ
To determine

Three conditions for a market to be perfectively competitive.

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Explanation of Solution

The market is a structure where there are large number of buyers and sellers who sell and buy goods and services between themselves. The market competition is the market structure where there is competition among the large number of sellers in the market in order to satisfy the needs of the large number of consumers. There are three conditions that must be satisfied in order to become the market competitive. They are as follows:

  1. 1. There must be a large number of sellers and buyers in the market: The market will have a large number of producers producing the commodities in order to satisfy the needs of the large number of consumers.
  2. 2. The commodities in the market will be identical: There will be a large number of buyers and sellers in the market who compete with each other to satisfy the needs of the consumers. Thus, in order to have competition among the sellers, the commodities must be identical to each other.
  3. 3. There must be no barriers to entry and exit: The market will be open to all and there will be no barriers for the entry of new firm into the market as well as the exit of the existing firm from the market. When there is profit, new firms will enter and when there is loss, existing firms will shut down their production and exit the market.
Economics Concept Introduction

Concept introduction:

Market competition: A competitive market is one in which there is a large number of producers who compete with each other to satisfy the needs of the large number of consumers.

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Please answer questions D-H, I have already answered A , B,C but it may help you to still solve them yourself. Thank you!
2. A firm’s production function is given by:Q = 10KLThe unit capital and labour costs are 2 and 1 pounds respectively. The firm is contracted to produce2000 units.(a) Write out the optimisation problem of the firm. (b) Express this problem using a Lagrangian function. (c) Find values of K and L which fulfil the contract with minimal cost to the firm. (d) Calculate the total cost to the firm.
3. Consider the following estimated regression equation, estimated using a sample of firms, where RDis total firm spending on research and development in USD ($), Revenue is total firm revenuein USD ($), and W ages is the firms’ total spending on wages in USD ($) (standard errors inparentheses):RDd = 1000(600)+ 0.5(0.1)Revenue + 1.5(0.5)W ages,(a) Interpret the coefficients on each of the explanatory variables. (b) Which of the three coefficients are statistically significant at the 5% level of significance? Howdo you know? A researcher runs a two-sided statistical test of the null hypothesis that both the coefficients onthe explanatory variables above are jointly equal to 0.25 (mathematically, that β1 = β2 = 0.25),and reports a p-value of 0.045.(c) What does this p-value mean for the outcome of the test? (d) What would an appropriate two-sided alternative hypothesis look like?
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