Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53 ) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Question

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Students have asked these similar questions

"One of the symmetry breaking events in mouse gastrulation requires the amplification of Nodal on the side of the embryo opposite to the Anterior Visceral Endoderm (AVE). Describe one way by which Nodal gets amplified in this region." My understanding of this is that there are a few ways nodal is amplified though I'm not sure if this is specifically occurs on the opposite side of the AVE. 1. pronodal cleaved by protease -> active nodal 2. Nodal -> BMP4 -> Wnt-> nodal 3. Nodal-> Nodal, Fox1 binding site 4. BMP4 on outside-> nodal Are all of these occuring opposite to AVE?

If four babies are born on a given day What is the chance all four will be girls? Use genetics laws

Explain each punnet square results (genotypes and probabilities)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Answer 6

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.

Answer 7

Chapter 11.6, Problem 15SAQ

Summary Introduction

Cell cycle checkpoint (cyclin-CDK complexes) and DNA damage checkpoint (which depend on p53) regulate proper cell division. Inappropriate cell division or loss of normal cellular checks may lead to cancer. Cancer is defined as an uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells. Generally, oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes promote and inhibit the growth of cancer, respectively.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Oncogenes: Oncogenes can cause cancer. They may be mutated or highly expressed in a cell. They can promote uncontrolled cell division, for example, Rous sarcoma virus. The gene of Rous sarcoma virus encodes highly expressive protein kinase, which is similar to signaling protein kinases. This viral gene is called v-src. Oncogenes inhibit the process of apoptosis (a programmed cell death), thereby, they promote survival and continuous proliferation of cancer cells.

Proto-oncogenes: They are normal genes involved in various cellular mechanisms such as cell division and growth. Genetic alteration on the proto-oncogenes due to mutation may lead to the conversion of proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. Nearly most of the proteins involved in the signaling cascade of cell division are products of proto-oncogenes, including growth factors, G-proteins, protein kinases, and cell-surface receptors. Mutation of these genes can result in oncogenes. Proto-oncogenes do not cause cancer directly, however, mutations of proto-oncogenes may induce cancer.

Tumor suppressor genes: Tumor suppressor genes generally inhibit cell division, thereby, they prevent the progression of cancer. They control the uncontrolled cell proliferation, some tumor suppressor genes are involved in checkpoints of the cell cycle, for example, p53. Other tumor suppressor genes can inhibit the expression of genes that induce cell division. These genes act against proto-oncogenes, therefore, cell division depends on the expression of proto-oncogenes or oncogenes and cell-cycle arrest depends on tumor suppressor genes.