a) Adrenaline Interpretation: The skeletal structure of adrenaline is given. The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom is required. The molecular formula of adrenaline is also to be stated. Concept introduction: In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH 3 ; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH 2 ; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen. CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of any compound can be obtained by counting the actual number of atoms of each element present in the molecule. To determine: The number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon atom in the given skeletal structure of adrelenene and its molecular formula.

Question

The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1.12, Problem 15P

Interpretation Introduction

a) Adrenaline

Interpretation:
The skeletal structure of adrenaline is given. The number of hydrogen atoms bonded to each carbon atom is required. The molecular formula of adrenaline is also to be stated.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valence of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen. CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of any compound can be obtained by counting the actual number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
To determine:
The number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon atom in the given skeletal structure of adrelenene and its molecular formula.

Interpretation Introduction

b) Estrone

Interpretation:
The skeletal structure of oestrone is given. The number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon atom is required. The molecular formula of estrone is also to be stated.
Concept introduction:
In skeletal structures the carbon atoms are not usually shown. Instead a carbon is assumed to be at each intersection of two lines and at the end of each line. The hydrogen atoms bonded to carbons are also not shown. The correct number of hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom is assigned keeping in mind that carbon has a valency of 4. The end of a line represents a carbon atom with three hydrogen atoms, CH₃; a two-way intersection is a carbon atom with two hydrogen atoms, CH₂; a three way intersection is a carbon with one hydrogen. CH; a four way intersection is a carbon with no attached hydrogen. Atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are shown. The molecular formula of any compound can be obtained by counting the actual number of atoms of each element present in the molecule.
To determine:
The number of hydrogens bonded to each carbon atom in the given skeletal structures of oestrone and its molecular formula.

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The table includes macrostates characterized by 4 energy levels (&) that are equally spaced but with different degrees of occupation. a) Calculate the energy of all the macrostates (in joules). See if they all have the same energy and number of particles. b) Calculate the macrostate that is most likely to exist. For this macrostate, show that the population of the levels is consistent with the Boltzmann distribution. macrostate 1 macrostate 2 macrostate 3 ε/k (K) Populations Populations Populations 300 5 3 4 200 7 9 8 100 15 17 16 0 33 31 32 DATO: k = 1,38×10-23 J K-1

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