Chapter 11.1, Problem 1CC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stability order for the given set of radicals should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: The unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. The stability order for radical is as follows,

$\text{benzylic}\text{>}\text{allylic}\text{>}\text{tertiary}\text{>}\text{secondary}\text{>}\text{primary}\text{>}\text{methyl}$

The movement of single electron present in the molecule is usually denoted by using the half headed arrows called fishhook arrows.

Hyper conjugation:

The hyper conjugation effect explains the stability order for the carbo cation, carb anion and carbon radical. The electrons present in the sigma bond of carbon are stabilized by adjacent carbon groups bonded with it. Depending on the number of carbon groups bonded the stability of the substrate are determined more bonded with carbon groups results in more stabilization of the electron present in the carbon.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The stability order for the given set of radicals should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Radical or free radical: The unpaired valence electron of an atom, molecule, or ion is called as radical. The stability order for radical is as follows,

$\text{benzylic}\text{>}\text{allylic}\text{>}\text{tertiary}\text{>}\text{secondary}\text{>}\text{primary}\text{>}\text{methyl}$

The movement of single electron present in the molecule is usually denoted by using the half headed arrows called fishhook arrows.

Hyper conjugation:

The hyper conjugation effect explains the stability order for the carbo cation, carb anion and carbon radical. The electrons present in the sigma bond of carbon are stabilized by adjacent carbon groups bonded with it. Depending on the number of carbon groups bonded the stability of the substrate are determined more bonded with carbon groups results in more stabilization of the electron present in the carbon.