Calculus Volume 1
17th Edition
ISBN: 9781938168024
Author: Strang, Gilbert
Publisher: OpenStax College
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Textbook Question
Chapter 1.1, Problem 4E
For the following exercises, (a) determine the domain and the range of each relation, and (b) state whether the relation is a function.
4.
x | y | x | y |
1 | 1 | 5 | 1 |
2 | 1 | 6 | 1 |
3 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
4 | 1 |
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
Calculus Volume 1
Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, (a) determine the...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...
Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the values for...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, find the domain,...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, set up a table to...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, use the vertical line...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.1 - The table below lists the NBA championship winners...Ch. 1.1 - The area A of a square depends on the length of...Ch. 1.1 - [T] The volume of a cube depends on the length of...Ch. 1.1 - [T] A rental car company rents cars for a flat fee...Ch. 1.1 - [T] A vehicle has a 20-gal tank and gets 15 mpg....Ch. 1.1 - [T] The volume V of a sphere depends on the length...Ch. 1.1 - [T] A certain bacterium grows in culture in a...Ch. 1.1 - [T] An American tourist visits Paris and must...Ch. 1.1 - [T] The manager at a skateboard shop pays his...Ch. 1.1 - Use a graphing calculator to graph the half-circle...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each pair of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, write the equation of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each linear...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each polynomial,...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each polynomial,...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each polynomial,...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each polynomial,...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each polynomial,...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, use the graph of...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each of the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each of the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each of the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, for each of the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - For the following exercises, determine whether the...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A company purchases some computer equipment...Ch. 1.2 - [T] Total online shopping during the Christmas...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A family bakery makes cupcakes and sells them...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A house purchased for $250,000 is expected to...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A car was purchased for $26,000. The value of...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A condominium in an upscale part of the city...Ch. 1.2 - [T] The total cost C (in thousands of dollars) to...Ch. 1.2 - [T] A professor asks her class to report the...Ch. 1.2 - [T] The output (as a percent of total capacity) of...Ch. 1.2 - [T] The admissions office at a public university...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, convert each angle in...Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 123....Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 124....Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 125....Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 126....Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 127....Ch. 1.3 - Evaluate the following functional values. 128....Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, consider triangle...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, P is a point on the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, P is a point on the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, P is a point on the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, P is a point on the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, simplify each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, verify that each...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, solve the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, each graph is of the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, each graph is of the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, each graph is of the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, each graph is of the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - For the following exercises, find a. the...Ch. 1.3 - [T] The diameter of a wheel rolling on the ground...Ch. 1.3 - [T] Find the length of the arc intercepted by...Ch. 1.3 - [T] As a point P moves around a circle, the...Ch. 1.3 - [T] A total of 250,000 m2 of land is needed to...Ch. 1.3 - [T] The area of an isosceles triangle with equal...Ch. 1.3 - [T] A panicle travels in a circular path at a...Ch. 1.3 - [T] An alternating current for outlets in a home...Ch. 1.3 - [T] The number of hours of daylight in a northeast...Ch. 1.3 - [T] Suppose that T=50+10sin[12(t8)] is a...Ch. 1.3 - [T] The function H(t)=8sin(6t) models the height H...Ch. 1.4 - Consider the graph in Figure 1.42 of the function...Ch. 1.4 - Now consider other graphs of the form...Ch. 1.4 - Repeat for A = 1, B = 2. Is there any relationship...Ch. 1.4 - Complete the following table, adding a few choices...Ch. 1.4 - 5. Try to figure out the formula for the y-values.Ch. 1.4 - 6. The formula for the x-values is a little...Ch. 1.4 - 7. If you found formulas for parts (5) and (6),...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the horizontal...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, a. find the inverse...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the graph of f...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the graph of f...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the graph of f...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use the graph of f to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, use composition to...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - For the following exercises, evaluate the...Ch. 1.4 - The function C=T(F)=(5/9)(F32) converts degrees...Ch. 1.4 - [T] The velocity V (in centimeters per second) of...Ch. 1.4 - A function that converts dress sizes in the United...Ch. 1.4 - [T] The cost to remove a toxin from a lake is...Ch. 1.4 - [T] A race car is accelerating at a velocity given...Ch. 1.4 - [T] An airplane’s Mach number M is the ratio of...Ch. 1.4 - [T] Using =2sin1(1M) , find the Mach number M for...Ch. 1.4 - [T] The temperature (in degrees Celsius) of a city...Ch. 1.4 - [T] The depth (in feet) of water at a dock changes...Ch. 1.4 - [T] All object moving in simple harmonic motion is...Ch. 1.4 - A local art gallery has a portrait 3 ft in height...Ch. 1.4 - [T] Use a calculator to evaluate...Ch. 1.4 - [T] Use a calculator to evaluate...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, evaluate the given...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, evaluate the given...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, evaluate the given...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, evaluate the given...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, match the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, write the equation in...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, sketch the graph of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, use properties of...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the exponential...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, solve the logarithmic...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - For the following exercises, rise the...Ch. 1.5 - Rewrite the following expressions in terms of...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The number of bacteria N in a culture after t...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The demand D (in millions of barrels) for oil...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The amount A of a $100,000 investment paying...Ch. 1.5 - [T] An investment is compounded monthly,...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The concentration of hydrogen ions in a...Ch. 1.5 - [T] Iodine-131 is a radioactive substance that...Ch. 1.5 - [T] According to the World Bank, at the end of...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The amount A accumulated after 1000 dollar’s...Ch. 1.5 - [T] A bacterial colony grown in a lab is known to...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The rabbit population on a game reserve...Ch. 1.5 - [T] The 1906 earthquake in Sail Francisco had a...Ch. 1 - True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or...Ch. 1 - True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or...Ch. 1 - True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or...Ch. 1 - True or False? Justify your answer with a proof or...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, state the domain and...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, state the domain and...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, state the domain and...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, state the domain and...Ch. 1 - Find the degree, y-intercept, and zeros for the...Ch. 1 - Find the degree, y-intercept, and zeros for the...Ch. 1 - Simplify the following trigonometric expressions....Ch. 1 - Simplify the following trigonometric expressions....Ch. 1 - Solve the following trigonometric equations on the...Ch. 1 - Solve the following trigonometric equations on the...Ch. 1 - Solve the following logarithmic equations. 324....Ch. 1 - wSolve the following logarithmic equations. 325....Ch. 1 - Are the following functions one-to-one over their...Ch. 1 - Are the following functions one-to-one over their...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, determine the largest...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, determine the largest...Ch. 1 - A car is racing along a circular track with...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider a restaurant...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider a restaurant...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider a restaurant...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider a restaurant...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider radioactive...Ch. 1 - For the following problems, consider radioactive...
Additional Math Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
If you multiply an odd number by 2 and add 1, is your answer even or odd?
A Problem Solving Approach To Mathematics For Elementary School Teachers (13th Edition)
For a population containing N=902 individual, what code number would you assign for a. the first person on the ...
Basic Business Statistics, Student Value Edition
TRY IT YOURSELF 1
Find the mean of the points scored by the 51 winning teams listed on page 39.
Elementary Statistics: Picturing the World (7th Edition)
A box contains 3 marbles: 1 red, 1 green, and 1 blue. Consider an experiment that consists of taking 1 marble f...
A First Course in Probability (10th Edition)
Significance with Range Rule of Thumb. In Exercises 29 and 30, assume that different groups of couples use the ...
Elementary Statistics (13th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, subject and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For the following exercises, determine whether the relation represents y as a function of x. 10. x=y2arrow_forwardFor the following exercises, determine whether the relation represents a function. 6. {(a,b),(c,d),(a,c)}arrow_forwardFor the following exercises, determine if the relation represented in table form represents y as a function of x. 65.arrow_forward
- For the following exercises, determine whether the relation represents a function. 7. {(a,b),(b,c),(c,c)}arrow_forwardFor the following exercises, determine whether the relation is a function. y2+4=x , for x the independent variable and y the dependent variablearrow_forwardFor the following exercises, determine whether each of the following relation is a function. y=2x+8arrow_forward
- For the following exercises, use the vertical line test to determine if the relation whose graph is provided is a function.arrow_forwardIn the following exercises, use the mapping of the relation to (a) list the ordered pairs of the relation, (b) find the domain of the relation, and (c) find the range of the relation. 290. For a man of height 5'11'' the mapping below shows the corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI). The body mass index is a measurement of body fat based on height and weight. A BMI of 18.524.9 is considered healthy.arrow_forwardHow can you determine if a relation is a one-to-one function?arrow_forward
- In the following exercises, use the mapping of the relation to (a) list the ordered pairs of the relation, (b) find the domain of the relation, and (c) find the range of the relation. 289. For a woman of height 5'4 " the mapping below shows the corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI). The body mass index is a measurement of body fat based on height and weight. A BMI of 18.524.9 is considered healthy.arrow_forwardFor the following exercises, use the vertical line test to determine which graphs show relations that are functions.arrow_forwardIn the following exercise, use the mapping of the relation to (a) list the ordered pairs of the relation (b) find the domain of the relation (c) find the range of the relation. 494. The mapping below shows the average weight of a child according to age.arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...AlgebraISBN:9780079039897Author:CarterPublisher:McGraw Hill
- Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)TrigonometryISBN:9781337278461Author:Ron LarsonPublisher:Cengage LearningHolt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...AlgebraISBN:9780547587776Author:HOLT MCDOUGALPublisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897...
Algebra
ISBN:9780079039897
Author:Carter
Publisher:McGraw Hill
Trigonometry (MindTap Course List)
Trigonometry
ISBN:9781337278461
Author:Ron Larson
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Holt Mcdougal Larson Pre-algebra: Student Edition...
Algebra
ISBN:9780547587776
Author:HOLT MCDOUGAL
Publisher:HOLT MCDOUGAL
What is a Relation? | Don't Memorise; Author: Don't Memorise;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hV1_wvsdJCE;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
RELATIONS-DOMAIN, RANGE AND CO-DOMAIN (RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS CBSE/ ISC MATHS); Author: Neha Agrawal Mathematically Inclined;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u4IQh46VoU4;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY