The reasons for the budget surplus on the US federal accounts during the 1990s and the reasons for which the surpluses disappeared. Concept Introduction Budget surplus -An excess of the public revenue over public expenditure is defined as a budget surplus. These are the extra funds generated from the efficient management of the public funds and are either saved or spent for repayment of public debt, infrastructural or other developmental activities, military expenses etc. Public debt - It refers to the debt owed by the government towards the public, government agencies, other governments or multilateral organizations. It can be in the form of loans or against the bills, securities or bonds issued to borrow funds.

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Discuss the preferred deterrent method employed by the Zambian government to combat tax evasion, monetary fines. As noted in the reading the potential penalty for corporate tax evasion is a fine of 52.5% of the amount evaded plus interest assessed at 5% annually along with a possibility of jail time. In general, monetary fines as a deterrent are preferred to blacklisting of company directors, revoking business operation licenses, or calling for prison sentences. Do you agree with this preference? Should companies that are guilty of tax evasion face something more severe than a monetary fine? Something less severe? Should the fine and interest amount be set at a different rate? If so at why? Provide support and rationale for your responses.

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Chapter 11, Problem 4.12P

To determine

The reasons for the budget surplus on the US federal accounts during the 1990s and the reasons for which the surpluses disappeared.

Concept Introduction Budget surplus-An excess of the public revenue over public expenditure is defined as a budget surplus. These are the extra funds generated from the efficient management of the public funds and are either saved or spent for repayment of public debt, infrastructural or other developmental activities, military expenses etc.

Public debt- It refers to the debt owed by the government towards the public, government agencies, other governments or multilateral organizations. It can be in the form of loans or against the bills, securities or bonds issued to borrow funds.

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Discuss the preferred deterrent method employed by the Zambian government to combat tax evasion, monetary fines. As noted in the reading the potential penalty for corporate tax evasion is a fine of 52.5% of the amount evaded plus interest assessed at 5% annually along with a possibility of jail time. In general, monetary fines as a deterrent are preferred to blacklisting of company directors, revoking business operation licenses, or calling for prison sentences. Do you agree with this preference? Should companies that are guilty of tax evasion face something more severe than a monetary fine? Something less severe? Should the fine and interest amount be set at a different rate? If so at why? Provide support and rationale for your responses.

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Discuss the preferred deterrent method employed by the Zambian government to combat tax evasion, monetary fines. As noted in the reading the potential penalty for corporate tax evasion is a fine of 52.5% of the amount evaded plus interest assessed at 5% annually along with a possibility of jail time. In general, monetary fines as a deterrent are preferred to blacklisting of company directors, revoking business operation licenses, or calling for prison sentences. Do you agree with this preference? Should companies that are guilty of tax evasion face something more severe than a monetary fine? Something less severe? Should the fine and interest amount be set at a different rate? If so at why? Provide support and rationale for your responses.