Introduction Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

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Questions #22,28,44,66; explain your answers throughly; give examples if you want 22) Which of the following represents a leading question?a. "What is your opinion of the recent policy change?"b. "Do you agree that the new policy is harmful?"c. "What is your age group: 18-25, 26-35, 36-50?"d. "Do you support the policy change?” 28) In a pretest-posttest design, which validity threat is most likely to occur?a. History effectsb. Random sampling errorc. Social desirability biasd. Observer effects 44) In a between-within factorial design, ____ IV is manipulated between subjects and ___ IV is manipulated within subjects. 66) What is the purpose of a reversal (ABA) design in single-subject research?a. To measure the effect of multiple treatments simultaneously.b. To establish causality by observing behavior before, during, and after treatment.c. To compare multiple participants’ behavior across conditions.d. To identify baseline differences between participants.

What does the results indicate? Correlation Pearson's Partial Correlations Variable JWB average IRMA total 2 1. JWB average Pearson's r — p-value — 2. IRMA total 2 Pearson's r 0.597 — p-value < .001 — Note. Conditioned on variables: Gen ID. Linear Regression Model Summary - IRMA total Model R R² Adjusted R² RMSE M₀ 0.000 0.000 0.000 5.450 M₁ 0.779 0.607 0.560 3.614 Note. M₁ includes Hostle Average, Gen ID, JWB average ANOVA Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F p M₁ Regression 505.296 3 168.432 12.897 < .001 Residual 326.497 25 13.060 Total 831.793 28 Note. M₁ includes Hostle Average, Gen ID, JWB average Note. The intercept model is omitted, as no meaningful information can be shown. Coefficients Model…

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

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Answer 5

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

Answer 6

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

Answer 7

Chapter 11, Problem 2MC

Summary Introduction

Introduction

Psychologist Albert Ellis noted that our irrational beliefs about distressing events can serve as stressors, rather than the events themselves. For instance, while it may seem perfectly logical that failure is an understandable reason for feeling distressed, one's beliefs about the failure could worsen their distress.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Correct answer and explanation

The best answer is (D), in which, according to Albert Ellis, being stressed about failing a test is called an activation event. Ellis once noted that our irrational beliefs about situations typically serve as stressors, rather than just the events themselves. Ellis's ABC approach consists of the activating event, our beliefs, and the consequences. For example, if we fail a test, this would serve as the activating event (A); the views worsening our feelings of distress, triggering feelings of vulnerability, and distracting us from addressing the event would be our beliefs (B); and our distress would then act as the consequence (C).

Explanation for incorrect statements

Option (A) refers to stimulus event. However, a stimulus event actually describes a stimulus and associated parameters outlining one particular presentation of that stimulus. So, option (a) is incorrect.

Option (B) refers to causal event. However, while there is some degree of causality involved in this perspective, causal event is not the term used to begin Ellis's approach. So, option (b) is incorrect.

Option (C) refers to initiating event. However, an initiating event is a literary term used to describe the first stimuli in a novel that prompts the conflict in the plot of a storyline. So, option (c) is incorrect.

Therefore, the options (A), (B), and (C) are incorrect.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

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Explanation of Solution

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