
Concept explainers
a.
To calculate: The cost of debt for Northwest Utility Company.
Introduction:
Cost of debt (Kd):
It refers to the effective interest rate paid by the company on its debt such as bonds and loans. Such interest payments are tax deductible.
b.
To calculate: The cost of
Introduction:
Cost of preferred stock(KP):
It refers to the dividend amount paid annually by the company on its preferred stock. Such
dividends are not tax deductible and can be calculated by dividing the annual preferred
dividend by the current market price of the preferred stock.
c.
To calculate: The
Introduction:
Retained Earnings:
These are considered as the profits of the company and are not distributed as dividends to the shareholders. These are reserved for the purpose of reinvesting into the business, that is, for the expansion of the business.
d.
To calculate: The WACC for Northwest Utility Company.
Introduction:
Weighted average cost of capital (WACC):
It is defined as the rate at which a company needs to pay on average to all its shareholders in

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