Chapter 11, Problem 25PP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthetic route for the preparation of given transformations should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.

Ozonolysis Reaction: It is an oxidation reaction which is used to oxidise the carbon-carbon double and triple bond.

Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthetic route for the preparation of given transformations should be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product.  The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions.  Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.

Elimination Reaction: It is just reverse reaction of addition where substituent from the given molecule is removed via E1 (the reaction depends only on the substrate involved in the reaction) or E2 (the reaction depends on both of the substituents in the reaction) mechanism.

Anti-Markovnikov’s Addition Rule: The unsymmetrical alkene in a chemical compound reacts with hydrogen halide in a way, where halide ions attacks and bond to the less substitution position of carbon-carbon double bond.