Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The mechanistic explanation for the given reaction is to be provided.
Concept introduction:
Electrophiles are electron deficient species that have positive or partially positive charge. Lewis acids are electrophiles that accept electron pair.
Nucleophiles are electron rich species that have negative or partially negative charge. Lewis bases are nucleophiles that donate electron pair.
Free radical is an atom, molecule, or ion that has unpaired electrons, which makes it highly chemically reactive.
Substitution reaction: A reaction in which one of the hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon or a
Elimination reaction: A reaction in which two substituent groups are detached and a double bond is formed is called elimination reaction.
Addition reaction: It is the reaction in which unsaturated bonds are converted to saturated molecules by the addition of molecules.
When a strong nucleophile, such as an alkoxide or a hydroxide ion reacts with an
The reaction proceeds by
The attack of the alkoxide ion happens at the less hindered carbon atom.
Nucleophilic substitution reaction is a reaction in which an electron rich nucleophile attacks the positive or partial positive charge of an atom or a group of atoms to replace a leaving group.
The
The
An
The nucleophilic substitutions in which a nucleophile replaces a leaving group are known as
The stability of carbocation:
Epoxide ring opens on reaction with alkanols.
Epoxide ring opens when halide ions react with epoxide followed by hydrolysis.
Epoxide ring opens on reaction with ammonia.

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Chapter 11 Solutions
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