Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780134089089
Author: Jeffrey O. Bennett, Seth Shostak
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11, Problem 20RQ
To determine
The characteristics of regions of stars of H-R diagram.
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Place the following events in the formation of stars in the proper chronological
sequence, with the oldest first and the youngest last.
w. the gas and dust in the nebula flatten to a disk shape due to gravity
and a steadily increasing rate of angular rotation
x. a star emerges when the mass is great enough and the temperature is
high enough to trigger thermonuclear fusion in the core
y. the rotation of the nebular cloud increases as gas and dust
concentrates by gravity within the growing protostar in the center
z. some force, perhaps from a nearby supernova, imparts a rotation to a
nebular cloud
y, then z, then w, then x
z, then y, then w, then x
w, then y, then z, then x
z, then x, then w, then y
x, then z, then y, then w
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O O O O
For each statement concerning main sequence stars, select T True, F False, G Greater than, L Less than, or E Equal to.
A) The surface temperature of a O type star is .... than a K type star.
B) On the main sequence, the mass of a O type star is .... than a F type star.
C) On the main sequence, a M type star's life is .... than a G type star.
D) The surface temperature of our Sun is .... than the surface temperature of Sirius.
E) When stars start hydrogen burning, thier mass determines where they are on the main sequence.
F) Based on the relative lifes of M and G type stars we expect the number of M stars to be .... than the number of G type stars.
Select all of the statements about the main sequence stage in the life of a star that are TRUE:
All stars spend the majority of their lives in the main sequence stage.
Most stars lose a significant amount of mass while they are on the Main Sequence.
Different stars spend a different amounts of time (number of years) in the main sequence stage, depending on the characteristics they were born with.
Main sequence stars are rare in the Galaxy, so we are lucky to be living around one.
During the main sequence stage, energy to power the star is provided by the fusion of hydrogen.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Life in the Universe (4th Edition)
Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RQCh. 11 - Prob. 2RQCh. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - How do habitable zones differ among stars of...Ch. 11 - Briefly describe the conditions under which...Ch. 11 - Why are extrasolar planets hard to detect...Ch. 11 - Briefly describe the astrometric, Doppler, and...Ch. 11 - Briefly summarize the planetary properties we can...Ch. 11 - Why does the Doppler method generally allow us to...Ch. 11 - How does the transit method tell us planetary...
Ch. 11 - How do the orbits of known extrasolar planets...Ch. 11 - Summarize the key features shown in Figure 11.20,...Ch. 11 - According to current statistics, how common arc...Ch. 11 - What types of worlds seem most likely to support...Ch. 11 - How might a stars habitable zone be wider than we...Ch. 11 - How might future imagery and spectroscopy allow us...Ch. 11 - Prob. 17RQCh. 11 - Prob. 18RQCh. 11 - What is the HertzsprungRussell diagram? How does a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 20RQCh. 11 - Date: February 16, 2025. Headline: Astronomers...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22TYUCh. 11 - Date: June 19, 2028. Headline: Spectrum Reveals...Ch. 11 - Date: November 7, 2020. Headline: New Images Show...Ch. 11 - Date: November 7, 2050. Headline: New Images Show...Ch. 11 - Date: July 20, 2020. Headline: Giant Planet Found...Ch. 11 - Date: September 15, 2045. Headline: Sun-Like Star...Ch. 11 - Prob. 28TYUCh. 11 - Date: December 13, 2033. Headline: Orphan Planet...Ch. 11 - Prob. 30TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 31TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 32TYUCh. 11 - Which method could detect a planet in an orbit...Ch. 11 - To determine a planets average density, we can use...Ch. 11 - Based on the model types shown in Figure 11.20, a...Ch. 11 - According to current statistics, about what...Ch. 11 - The term super-Earth means a planet that is (a)...Ch. 11 - Our best hope for determining that life exists on...Ch. 11 - Jupiter has had an important effect on life on...Ch. 11 - Prob. 40TYUCh. 11 - Prob. 41POSCh. 11 - Unanswered Questions. As discussed in this...Ch. 11 - Explaining the Doppler Method. Explain how the...Ch. 11 - Explaining the Transit Method. Explain how the...Ch. 11 - Comparing Methods. What are the strengths and...Ch. 11 - Super-Earth. Youve discovered a super-Earth...Ch. 11 - Stars with Habitable Planets. Based on what youve...Ch. 11 - Are Earth-Like Planets Common? Based on what you...Ch. 11 - Prob. 50IFCh. 11 - Science Fiction Planet. Choose one fictional...Ch. 11 - Number of Stars with Habitable Planets. Assume...Ch. 11 - Prob. 54IFCh. 11 - Finding Orbit Sizes. The Doppler method allows us...Ch. 11 - Finding a Planetary Mass. Using the Doppler...Ch. 11 - Transit of TrES-1. The planet TrES-1, orbiting a...Ch. 11 - The Doppler Formula. The amount of Doppler shift...Ch. 11 - Prob. 59IFCh. 11 - Future Mission. Imagine that a wealthy benefactor...Ch. 11 - Is It Worth It? Thanks to rapidly advancing...Ch. 11 - Prob. 62IFCh. 11 - Extrasolar Planet Mission. Learn about a proposed...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, physics and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Are supergiant stars also extremely massive? Explain the reasoning behind your answer.arrow_forwardDescribe the evolution of a star with a mass similar to that of the Sun, from the protostar stage to the time it first becomes a red giant. Give the description in words and then sketch the evolution on an HR diagram.arrow_forwardDescribe how the mass, luminosity, surface temperature, and radius of main-sequence stars change in value going from the “bottom” to the “top” of the main sequence.arrow_forward
- In the HR diagrams for some young clusters, stars of both very low and very high luminosity are off to the right of the main sequence, whereas those of intermediate luminosity are on the main sequence. Can you offer an explanation for that? Sketch an HR diagram for such a cluster.arrow_forwardBased on what you know about main-sequence stars, select all of the correct statements from the following list. 1. Since the interiors of stars cannot be observed, there are no theories about their structure. 2. More massive stars are hotter and brighter. 3. The weight of a star must be balanced by internal pressure. 4. More massive stars live longer; they take longer to use up all their energy. 5. Stars change position on the main sequence throughout their lives. 6. Outward energy flow in a star is by conduction only.arrow_forwardIdentify the location in the H-R diagram of the phases of stellar evolution. (For each statement select the proper symbol in the picture.) 1) red giant, helium flash2) white dwarf3) red giant with helium burning shell4) hydrogen fusion in shell around core5) helium fusion in core6) envelope ejected, planetary nebula7) main-sequence star8) helium used up, core collapses9) hydrogen used up, core collapsesarrow_forward
- Which of the following is least reasonable regarding stars on a Hertzsprung-Russell diagram? 1)Stars with the largest radii are found in the upper right of the diagram. 2) Red giants are found in the upper right of the diagram. 3)White dwarfs are found in the lower left of the diagram. 4) On the main sequence, the mass of stars generally increases to the right.arrow_forwardMatch each statement with the appropriate item (if the first corresponds to B and the next 4 to C, enter BCCCC) 1) group of stars that was formed all at the same time, with the same composition 2) the top of the main sequence of a cluster; more massive stars in the cluster have already evolved 3) globular clusters stars that are burning helium in their core 4) young, spread out star cluster 5) old, dense star cluster A. main sequence turnoff B. open cluster C. star cluster D. horizontal branch stars E. globular clusterarrow_forward3) indicate which locations in the H-R diagram correspond to places where the evolution is slow. Answers should be in the order they occur in the star. For example, if, in order, E, I and A are locations where there is a long time between changes, then enter EIA. (HINT: There are exactly three of them Hint: Hint: Our sun will be stable for another 4 billion years and white dwarfs last a long time because they are small. Really good additional hint: There are 3 places where the evolution is slow. Info below is what each of the labels are. 1) red giant, helium flash A2) white dwarf F3) red giant with helium burning shell B4) hydrogen fusion in shell around core I5) helium fusion in core D6) envelope ejected, planetary nebula H7) main-sequence star C8) helium used up, core collapses G9) hydrogen used up, core collapses Earrow_forward
- The sketch below shows an H-R diagram for a star cluster. Consider the star to which the arrow points. How is it currently generating energy? Temperature A. by hydrogen shell burning around an inert helium core B. by gravitational contraction C. by core hydrogen fusion D.by core helium fusion combined with hydrogen shell burning E. by both hydrogen and helium shell burning around an inert carbon core Luminosity -→arrow_forwardMatch each statement with the appropriate item (If the first corresponds to B and the next 4 to C, enter BCCCC) 1) stars that have evolved off the main sequence and are growing in luminosity due to a hydrogen burning shell 2) young, spread out star cluster 3) cooler stars in a cluster that have not yet evolved off the main sequence 4) stars that are burning helium in their core 5) old, dense star cluster A. red-giant branch B. open cluster C. lower main sequence D. horizontal branch stars E. globular clusterarrow_forwardThe chemical abundance of population I stars a. indicates that they were formed before the population II stars. b. indicates that the material they formed from had been enriched with material from supernovae. c. indicates that they contain very few heavy metals compared to halo stars. d. depends on the temperature of the star. e. depends on the mass of the star.arrow_forward
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