Chapter 11, Problem 1ORSPA

Summary Introduction

To match: The operative treatment in Column I with the appropriate surgical indication (diagnosis) in column II.

Answer to Problem 1ORSPA

Correct answer:

Column I	Column II
1. Coronary artery bypass grafting	E. Disabling angina and extensive coronary atherosclerosis despite medical therapy.
2. Left carotid endarterectomy	C. Atherosclerotic occlusion of a main artery leading to the head
3. Sclerosing injections and laser treatment	H. Varicose vein
4. LV aneurysmectomy	I. Protrusion of the wall of a lower heart chamber
5. Atrial septal defect repair	D. Congenital hole in the wall of the upper chamber of the heart
6. Left ventricular assist device	A. Congestive heart failure
7. Pericardiocentesis	B. Cardiac tamponade(fluid in the space surrounding the heart)
8. Aortic valve replacement	J. Aortic stenosis
9. Pacemaker implantation	G. Heart block
10. Femoral-popliteal bypass grafting	F. Peripheral vascular disease.

Explanation of Solution

1. 1. Coronary artery bypass grafting - E. Disabling angina and extensive coronary atherosclerosis despite medical therapy.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a surgical treatment that is used in coronary heart patients to improve the blood flow through heart. Plaque is formed in the blood vessels which restricts the blood flow through it. This treatment grafts the artery or vein in which the plaque is formed and thus removes the plaque.

1. 2. Left carotid endarterectomy - Atherosclerotic occlusion of a main artery leading to the head

Left carotid Endarterectomy is a surgical procedure that is used to remove the plaque or any other material and deposited inside the artery and thereby reducing the risk of stroke by narrowing of the arterial walls especially formed in the main artery leading to the head.

1. 3. Sclerosing injections and laser treatment - H. Varicose vein

The large, swollen veins that are often appeared on the feet and legs are called as varicose veins. Varicose vein is caused by immense strain in legs by standing or walking upright. Increase in pressure in the veins of legs causes swelling in veins.

Varicose vein can be treated by using sclerosis injections and laser treatment.

1. 4. LV aneurysmectomy - I. Protrusion of the wall of a lower heart chamber

LV aneurysmectomy or left ventricular reconstructive surgery is used to remove the scarred and dead area (aneurysm) of the left ventricle back to the normal shape.

This surgery is done to improve or treat the heart failure.

1. 5. Atrial septal defect repair - D. Congenital hole in the wall of the upper chamber of the heart

Atrial septal condition is a congenital condition in which the blood flows from the left side to the right side of the heart. The two sides of the heart are separate by the inner layer called as septum. Blood flows through a hole present septum that separates the atria.

1. 6. Left ventricular assist device - A. Congestive heart failure

Left ventricular assist device (LAVD) is a specialized device that is used at the time of heart transplantation . Heart transplantation is a process by which heart is transferred form a donor to the recipient. LVAD is implanted in the chest or abdomen which acts as the booster pump for connection from left ventricle to the ascending aorta.

1. 7. Pericardiocentesis - B. Cardiac tamponade (fluid in the space surrounding the heart)

Pericardiocentesis is a clinical invasive procedure in which uses the needle and catheter to remove the fluid that are build up in the pericardium region of the heart. The fluid buildup could lead to riskier condition called as cardiac tamponade.

1. 8. Aortic valve replacement - J. Aortic stenosis

Aortic stenosis is a condition in which the aortic blood vessel and the tubular structure associated with the aorta in the body is abnormally narrowed.

1. 9. Pacemaker implantation - G. Heart block

Pacemaker implantation is the implantation of minute electronic device to regulate the irregular electrical conductivity problems of the heart inside the chest. Pacemaker implantation is highly recommended to the heart block patients with poor blood circulation ability.

1. 10. Femoral-popliteal bypass grafting - F. Peripheral vascular disease.

Femoral-popliteal bypass grafting is a surgical technique used to remove the blocked portion of an artery in the leg (femoral artery) using a section of another blood vessel.