Chapter 11, Problem 1GST

(a)

To determine

To identify: The type of dip slip fault in the accompanying diagram 1 and the dominant force during faulting.

Answer to Problem 1GST

Diagram 1 displays a reverse dip slip fault that is formed due to the compressional forces.

Explanation of Solution

Faults are the fractures with displacement. Faults are classified primarily into two types. They are dip slip faults and strike slip faults.

Dip slip faults are the faults in which the movement is parallel to the slope of the fault surface. Depending on the relative movement of footwall with the hanging wall, two types of dip slip faults are identified. They are normal faults and reverse faults.

The relative downward movements of the hanging wall block with footwall block result in the occurrence of normal faults. They are produced due to the tensional stress that forms as a result of pulling of blocks of rocks away from each other. These types of movements result in the horizontal lengthening and vertical thinning of rocks. The movement of rock units away from each other occurs either due to the stretching and breaking of surface following the uplift or by the horizontal forces that have opposing orientations.

Reverse faults are formed when the relative upward movement of the hanging wall block occurs with the footwall block. It is formed as a result of the compressional stress that causes the horizontal shortening of the Earth’s crust.

(b)

To determine

To identify: The type of dip slip fault in the accompanying diagram 2 and the dominant force during faulting.

Answer to Problem 1GST

The diagram 2 displays a normal dip slip fault that is formed due to the tensional forces.

Explanation of Solution

The faults are the fractures with displacement. The faults are classified primarily into two types. They are, dip slip faults and strike slip faults.

Dip slip faults are the faults in which the movement is parallel to the slope of the fault surface. Depending on the relative movement of footwall with the hanging wall, two types of dip slip faults are identified. They are normal faults and reverse faults.

The relative downward movements of the hanging wall block with the footwall block results in the occurrence of normal faults. They are produced due to the tensional stress that forms as a result of pulling of clocks of rocks away from each other. These types of movements result in the horizontal lengthening and vertical thinning of rocks. The movement of rock units away from each other occurs either due to the stretching and breaking of surface following the uplift or by the horizontal forces that have opposing orientations.

Reverse faults are formed when the relative upward movement of the hanging wall block occurs with the footwall block. It is formed as a result of the compressional stress that causes the horizontal shortening of the Earth’s crust.

(c)

To determine

To Match: The correct pair of arrows in the accompanying diagram 3 to the faults in the accompanying diagram 1 and 2.

Answer to Problem 1GST

The arrow is labeled as (a) in diagram 3 match with diagram 1 and the arrow is labeled as (b) match with diagram 2.

Explanation of Solution

The faults are the fractures with displacement. The faults are classified primarily into two types. They are dip slip faults and strike slip faults.

Dip slip faults are the faults in which the movement is parallel to the slope of the fault surface. Depending on the relative movement of footwall with the hanging wall, two types of dip slip faults are identified. They are normal faults and reverse faults.

The relative downward movements of the hanging wall block with the footwall block results in the occurrence of normal faults. They are produced due to the tensional stress that forms as a result of pulling of clocks of rocks away from each other. This type of movements results in the horizontal lengthening and vertical thinning of rocks. The movement of rock units away from each other occurs either due to the stretching and breaking of surface following the uplift or by the horizontal forces that have opposing orientations.

Reverse faults are formed when the relative upward movement of the hanging wall block occurs with the footwall block. It is formed as a result of the compressional stress that causes the horizontal shortening of the Earth’s crust.