
a.
To identify: The terms of the elbow and forearm based on the number of bones involved.
Introduction: Bones are strong living tissues, which facilitate the protection of internal organs of the body. There are 206 bones present in the human. Bones are composed of different cells that include osteoclast, osteoblast, and osteocyte.
a.

Answer to Problem 1GAQ
“Names of the bones involved:
Forearm: radius and ulna.
Elbow: humerus, radius, and ulna”.
Explanation of Solution
In forearm, the bones radius and ulna participate in the joints and in the elbow, the bones involved in the joints are humerus, radius, and ulna.
b.
To identify: The terms of the elbow and forearm based on the number of axes.
b.

Answer to Problem 1GAQ
“Number of axes:
Forearm: 1
Elbow: 1”.
Explanation of Solution
Both the forearm and elbow are uniaxial.
c.
To identify: The terms of the elbow and forearm based on the shape of classification of joint.
c.

Answer to Problem 1GAQ
“Shape classification of joint:
Forearm: pivot
Elbow: hinge”.
Explanation of Solution
The shape of classification of the forearm joint is pivot type, and the shape of classification of elbow joint is hinge type.
d.
To identify: The terms of the elbow and forearm based on joint osteokinematic motion allowed.
d.

Answer to Problem 1GAQ
“Joint osteokinematic motion allowed:
Forearm: supination/pronation
Elbow: flexion/extension”.
Explanation of Solution
The osteokinematic motion allowed by the forearm joint is the supination and pronation, and the osteokinematic motion allowed by the elbow joints is the flexion and extension.
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Chapter 11 Solutions
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