FINITE MATHEMATICS & ITS APPLICATIONS
12th Edition
ISBN: 9781323788707
Author: Goldstein
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11, Problem 1FCCE
What is a logical statement?
Expert Solution & Answer
To determine
The definition of a logical statement.
Answer to Problem 1FCCE
Solution:
A logical statement is a declarative sentence that is either true or false.
Explanation of Solution
A logical statement is a declarative sentence that is either true or false.
To be a logical statement, the given sentence “The universe is 1 billion years old.” must meet two conditions:
1. It is a declarative sentence.
2. It is TRUE or FALSE.
| Declarative Sentence? | TRUE or FALSE | Conclusion |
| Yes | It is TRUE or FALSE (not sure of which) | Logical Statement |
Hence, the given sentence “The universe is 1 billion years old.” is a logical statement.
The logical statements can be combined using connectives, words like “and” and “or”.
Implications can be stated with the words “if “and “then”.
The logical statements can be negated with the word “not”.
A logical compound statement is formed by combining the statements by use of the words “and”, “or”, “not”, or “if, then”.
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Questions
An insurance company's cumulative incurred claims for the last 5 accident years are given
in the following table:
Development Year
Accident Year 0
2018
1 2 3 4
245 267 274 289 292
2019
255 276 288 294
2020
265 283 292
2021
263 278
2022
271
It can be assumed that claims are fully run off after 4 years. The premiums received for
each year are:
Accident Year Premium
2018
306
2019
312
2020
318
2021
326
2022
330
You do not need to make any allowance for inflation.
1. (a) Calculate the reserve at the end of 2022 using the basic chain ladder method.
(b) Calculate the reserve at the end of 2022 using the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method.
2. Comment on the differences in the reserves produced by the methods in Part 1.
Chapter 11 Solutions
FINITE MATHEMATICS & ITS APPLICATIONS
Ch. 11.1 - Determine which of the following sentences are...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11.1 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 1–15, determine which sentences are...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 115, determine which sentences are...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 8E
Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 115, determine which sentences are...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 16 and 17, give the simple statements...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.1 - In Exercises 18 and 19, give the simple statements...Ch. 11.1 - In Exercises 18 and 19, give the simple statements...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.1 - The Smithsonian Museum of Natural History has...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.1 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.1 - Let p denote the statement Paris is called the...Ch. 11.1 - Let p denote the statement Ozone is opaque to...Ch. 11.1 - 26. Let p denote the statement “Papyrus is the...Ch. 11.1 - 27. Let a denote the statement “Florida borders...Ch. 11.2 - Construct the truth table for (p~r)q.Ch. 11.2 - Construct the truth table for p~q.Ch. 11.2 - 3. Let p denote “May follows April,” and let q...Ch. 11.2 - In Exercises 14, show that the expressions are...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 1–4, show that the expressions are...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 528, construct truth tables for the...Ch. 11.2 - In Exercises 528, construct truth tables for the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 528, construct truth tables for the...Ch. 11.2 - In Exercises 5–28, construct truth tables for the...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.2 - In Exercises 27–30, determine whether statement...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 31ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.2 - Let p denote John Lennon was a member of the...Ch. 11.2 - Let m denote the statement The Magna Carta was...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 37ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 38ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 39ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 40ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 41ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 42ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 43ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 44ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 45ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 46ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 47ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 48ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 49ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 50ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 51ECh. 11.2 - Prob. 52ECh. 11.3 - 1. Let p denote the statement “A square is a...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11.3 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.3 - Construct a truth table for each of the statement...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.3 - In Exercises 2734, write the statement forms in...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.3 - In Exercises 27–34, write the statement forms in...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.3 - In Exercises 2734, write the statement forms in...Ch. 11.3 - In Exercises 27–34, write the statement forms in...Ch. 11.3 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 35ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 36ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 37ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 38ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 39ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 40ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 41ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 42ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 43ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 44ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 45ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 46ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 47ECh. 11.3 - Prob. 48ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 11.4 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.4 - 2. Show that the distributive laws hold:...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.4 - 4. Without using truth tables, show that
.
Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 17ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 23ECh. 11.4 - 24. Negate the following statements:
(a) Isaac...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 28ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 29ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 30ECh. 11.4 - Tax Instruction The following statements can be...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 32ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 33ECh. 11.4 - Prob. 34ECh. 11.5 - Show that the argument is valid. If goldenrod is...Ch. 11.5 - Show by indirect proof that the argument is valid....Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.5 - In Exercises 110, show that the argument is valid....Ch. 11.5 - In Exercises 110, show that the argument is valid....Ch. 11.5 - In Exercises 1–10, show that the argument is...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.5 - In Exercises 110, show that the argument is valid....Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.5 - In Exercises 11–20, test the validity of the...Ch. 11.5 - In Exercises 1120, test the validity of the...Ch. 11.5 - In Exercises 11–20, test the validity of the...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 22ECh. 11.5 - In Exercises 2124, use indirect proof to show that...Ch. 11.5 - Prob. 24ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 25ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 26ECh. 11.5 - Prob. 27ECh. 11.5 - Show that each of the arguments in Exercises 27...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 1CYUCh. 11.6 - Prob. 2CYUCh. 11.6 - Prob. 3CYUCh. 11.6 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 2ECh. 11.6 - 3. An alert California teacher chided “Dear Abby”...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.6 - 5. Let the universe be all university professors....Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 6ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.6 - Let the universe consist of all nonnegative...Ch. 11.6 - Let the universe consist of all real numbers. Let...Ch. 11.6 - 11. Negate each statement by changing existential...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.6 - Consider the universe of all subsets of the set...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.6 - Let the universal set be...Ch. 11.6 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.6 - Prob. 20ECh. 11.7 - (a) Simplify the circuit shown in Fig. 9 by using...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 1ECh. 11.7 - 2. Write the logic statement represented by Fig....Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 3ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 4ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 5ECh. 11.7 - Draw the logic circuit that represents each of the...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 7ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 8ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 9ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 10ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 11ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 12ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 13ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 14ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 15ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 16ECh. 11.7 - 17. Design a logic circuit that acts as an xor...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 18ECh. 11.7 - Prob. 19ECh. 11.7 - Switch Design for a Lecture Hall In designing a...Ch. 11.7 - Prob. 21ECh. 11.7 - Use the Wolfram |Alpha function Boolean Minimize...Ch. 11 - 1. What is a logical statement?
Ch. 11 - Prob. 2FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 3FCCECh. 11 - What do we mean by logical equivalence? Explain...Ch. 11 - Prob. 5FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 6FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 7FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 8FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 9FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 10FCCECh. 11 - Prob. 11FCCECh. 11 - State De Morgans laws for quantified statements.Ch. 11 - Prob. 1RECh. 11 - Prob. 2RECh. 11 - Prob. 3RECh. 11 - Prob. 4RECh. 11 - Prob. 5RECh. 11 - Prob. 6RECh. 11 - Prob. 7RECh. 11 - Prob. 8RECh. 11 - Prob. 9RECh. 11 - Prob. 10RECh. 11 - Prob. 11RECh. 11 - Prob. 12RECh. 11 - Prob. 13RECh. 11 - Prob. 14RECh. 11 - Prob. 15RECh. 11 - Prob. 16RECh. 11 - Prob. 17RECh. 11 - 18. Show that the argument is valid: If I shop for...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RECh. 11 - Prob. 20RECh. 11 - 21. Draw the logic circuit corresponding to the...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22RECh. 11 - Prob. 23RECh. 11 - Prob. 24RECh. 11 - 25. Construct a statement equivalent to p XOR q,...Ch. 11 - Denise, Miriam, Sally, Nelson, and Bob are...
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