Chapter 11, Problem 11.54QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force in ${\text{F}}_{\text{2}}$ that helps to condense into liquid when cooled has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Intermolecular forces:  Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.  Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.  The three major types of intermolecular interactions are,

• Dipole-dipole interactions
• London dispersion forces
• Hydrogen bonds

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force in ${\text{BF}}_{\text{3}}$ that is used to condense into liquid when cooled has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force in $\text{HF}$ that is used to condense into liquid when cooled has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force in ${\text{NO}}_{\text{2}}$ that is used to condense into liquid when cooled has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).