Chapter 11, Problem 11.38P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{BrO}}_3^{-}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{AsCl}}_4^{-}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{SeO}}_4^{2-}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{BiF}}_5^{2-}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{SbF}}_4^{+}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{AlF}}_6^{3-}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.

(g)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The shape, hybridization of the central atom, ideal and deviated bond angle in ${\text{IF}}_4^{+}$ are to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Hybridization is the process of intermixing of atomic orbital of slightly different energies to form hybrid orbitals that have similar energy. These orbital have lower energy and more stability than the atomic orbital. Hybridization of the central atom can be determined from the number of electron groups around the central atom in the Lewis structure of the molecule. Single bond, double bond, triple bond and lone pair all are considered as single electron group.

The shape of the molecule is determined by the electron bond pairs and lone pairs that are present around the central atom. The angle between the two bonds is called the bond angle. It is determined by the hybridization of the central atom and the presence of lone pairs around it.