Software Engineering (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780133943030
Author: Ian Sommerville
Publisher: PEARSON
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Expert Solution & Answer
Chapter 11, Problem 11.1E
Explanation of Solution
Reliability Specifications:
Reliability testing is used to measure the reliability of the system. It is not easy to apply the reliability measurement practically. The difficulties that arise are as follows:
- Operational profile uncertainty – The operational profiles that are based on experience with other systems will not be an accurate reflection of the real use of the system.
- High costs of test data generation – Generating large volumes of data in an operational profile is very expensive.
- Statistical uncertainty when high reliability is specified – Statistically significant number of failures is generated which allow accurate reliability measurements. Few failures occur when the software is reliable and it is difficult to generate new failures.
- Recognition failure – One can identify deviations from a formal specification that they have, but if the specification is in formal language then there may be ambiguities. It is not obvious whether or not a system failure has occurred.
It is because of the above given difficulties, it is practically impossible to validate reliability specifications when these are expressed in terms of a very small number of failures over the total lifetime of a system.
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Students have asked these similar questions
1. Using one of the method described in class and/or textbook (Section 9.1) convert the following
regular expression into a state transition diagram:
(0+ 10*1)* (01 + 10)
Indicate in your answer how did you arrive at the result as follows: Write down all the state
transition diagrams that you constructed for all the subexpressions and clearly indicate which
diagram corresponds to which expression. Do not simplify any state transition diagram.
2. Consider the following state transition diagram over Σ = {a,b}:
b
A
a
a
C
b
B
a
a
b
D
За
a
Using the method described in class and in the textbook (Section 9.2) convert the diagram
into an equivalent regular expression. Include all the intermediate steps in your answer.
3. Are the languages L1, L2, and L3 below over the alphabet Σ = {a, b, c} regular or non-regular?
Justify your answer carefully.
(a) L₁ = {a¹b2jc²i : i ≥ 0, j > 2}
(b) L₂ = L₁n {akbm c³p: k,m,p≥ 0}
(c) L3 = {a²ib²j+1 : i,j ≥ 0}^{akbm c³p : k,m,p ≥ 0}
(1 point)
By dragging statements from the left column to the right column below, give a proof by induction of the following statement:
an
=
= 9" - 1 is a solution to the recurrence relation an = 9an-18 with ao
=
: 0.
The correct proof will use 8 of the statements below.
Statements to choose from:
Note that a₁ =
9a0 + 8.
Now assume that P(n) is true for all n ≥ 0.
Your Proof: Put chosen statements in order in this
column and press the Submit Answers button.
Let P(n) be the predicate, "a = 9″ – 1".
απ = 90 − 1 =
Note that
Let P(n) be the predicate, "an
9" - 1 is a
solution to the recurrence relation an = 9an-1 +8
with ao = 0."
-
Now assume that P(k + 1) is true.
Thus P(k) is true for all k.
Thus P(k+1) is true.
Then ak+1
=
9ak +8, so P(k + 1) is true.
= 1 − 1 = 0, as required.
Then = 9k — 1.
ak
Now assume that P(k) is true for an arbitrary
integer k ≥ 1.
By the recurrence relation, we have
ak+1 =
ak+1 =
= 9ak + 8 = 9(9k − 1) + 8
This simplifies to
9k+19+8 = 9k+1 − 1
Then 9k+1 − 1 = 9(9*…
Given the following request to an AI chatbot, which response is more accurate? (You should use Google to verify that the factual claims in each response are accurate.)
Prompt
Is this true? The first recorded use of the phrase "when pigs fly" in print is in a 1616 play by Ben Jonson called "The Devil is an Ass," in which a character says, "When pigs fly, good-night!!"
Response
Response A
Response B
Yes, that's true! The phrase "when pigs fly" indeed appears in Ben Jonson's 1616 play The Devil is an Ass and was said during the second act in a conversation between Fitzdottrel and Pug. The phrase was first used to express skepticism or disbelief, suggesting that something is as unlikely to happen as the fanciful idea of pigs flying. This usage is often cited as one of the earliest instances of the phrase in print.
The claim that the phrase "when pigs fly" was first recorded in Ben Jonson's 1616 play "The Devil is an Ass" is not accurate. There is no evidence from the…
Chapter 11 Solutions
Software Engineering (10th Edition)
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